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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the MOST accurate comparison of structural and functional joint classifications?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate comparison of structural and functional joint classifications?
- Fibrous joints are functionally classified as diarthroses, allowing for free movement.
- Synovial joints are structurally diverse, all being functionally classified as amphiarthrotic, permitting slight movement.
- Synarthrotic joints, characterized by high mobility, are primarily classified as synovial joints.
- Cartilaginous joints include synchondroses and symphyses, providing both amphiarthrotic and synarthrotic movement capabilities. (correct)
A weightlifter is performing a bicep curl. At the beginning of the curl, with the elbow fully extended, which type of lever system is primarily in action at the elbow joint?
A weightlifter is performing a bicep curl. At the beginning of the curl, with the elbow fully extended, which type of lever system is primarily in action at the elbow joint?
- Zero-class lever, where the force and resistance are equal, creating a balanced system.
- First-class lever, with the elbow joint as the fulcrum between the force of the bicep and the resistance of the weight.
- Second-class lever, with the weight in the hand (resistance) between the elbow joint (fulcrum) and the force of the bicep.
- Third-class lever, with the bicep muscle applying force between the elbow joint (fulcrum) and the weight in the hand (resistance). (correct)
If a patient has damage to their motor neurons, impacting the delivery of signals to muscle fibers, which of the following structures would be DIRECTLY affected?
If a patient has damage to their motor neurons, impacting the delivery of signals to muscle fibers, which of the following structures would be DIRECTLY affected?
- Neuromuscular junction (correct)
- Sarcomere
- Myofilaments
- Endomysium
During a marathon, an athlete's leg muscles primarily rely on which type of skeletal muscle fiber to sustain prolonged activity?
During a marathon, an athlete's leg muscles primarily rely on which type of skeletal muscle fiber to sustain prolonged activity?
A person is experiencing difficulty in plantar flexing their foot. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?
A person is experiencing difficulty in plantar flexing their foot. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?
In a concentric muscle contraction of the biceps brachii during a bicep curl, what roles do the triceps brachii and brachialis play, respectively?
In a concentric muscle contraction of the biceps brachii during a bicep curl, what roles do the triceps brachii and brachialis play, respectively?
Damage to the musculotendinous rotator cuff would MOST directly compromise which of the following arm movements?
Damage to the musculotendinous rotator cuff would MOST directly compromise which of the following arm movements?
Which feature is UNIQUE to the appendicular skeleton compared to the axial skeleton?
Which feature is UNIQUE to the appendicular skeleton compared to the axial skeleton?
Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, providing central support and protection.
Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the limbs and their girdles (pectoral and pelvic), enabling movement and interaction with the environment.
Ligaments
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone; provides joint stability.
Articulation (Joint)
Articulation (Joint)
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Synovial Joint
Synovial Joint
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Muscle Fiber
Muscle Fiber
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Fascicle
Fascicle
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Agonist
Agonist
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Study Notes
- Study notes for BIO 260 Lecture Exam II
Skeletal System (Ch. 8)
- The axial skeleton contrasts with the appendicular skeleton.
- Bones and structures of each bone will be in the lab manual.
- There are facial and cranial bones.
- Sutures and bone markings should be known
- Also know Orbital & Nasal Complexes
- Paranasal sinuses should be known
- Also know Fontanelles
- The Hyoid bone must be studied
- Know the column of Vertebrae
- Sternum & Ribs are components of thorax
- Pectoral girdle
- Upper limb bones should be studied
- Know Pelvic girdle and gender differences
- Lower limb bones must be studied
Articulations (Ch. 9)
- Mobility and stability have specific association within joints
- Structural versus functional joint classifications must be known
- Know the difference between monoaxial joints, biaxial joints, and multiaxial joints..
- Know the structural composition of synovial joints and their range of mobility
- Six types of synovial joints
- Know the types of movements that occur at synovial joints
- Study the 3 types of levers
Muscle Structure (Ch. 10)
- Know the differences between the three types of muscle tissue
- Study the functions of the muscular system
- Know the connective tissue layers associated with skeletal muscles
- Study the structures of skeletal muscles, comprising fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, and myofilaments
- A sarcomere, and its anatomy must be learned
- Study the sliding filament model
- The thick and thin filaments and their protein composition
- Know what constitutes a motor unit and a neuromuscular junction
- Slow oxidative, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers
Muscular System of the Body (Chapter 10)
- Know the axial and appendicular muscles and their functions.
- Categories of axial and appendicular muscles include those of facial expression, mastication, respiration, abdominal walls, and arm & leg compartments.
- Know the muscles talked about in lecture and their actions
- Study the four organizational patterns (types) of skeletal muscle fascicles and how they differ from each other
- Agonists, antagonists, synergists and fixators must be studied.
- Know the muscles of the rotator cuff, as well as the extensors & flexors of the hand
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Description
Study notes covering the skeletal system and articulations for Biology 260 Exam II. Key areas include axial vs. appendicular skeletons, bone structures, sutures, and joint classifications. Also covers synovial joints and their mobility.
