BIO 151: Eukaryotic Protists

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Questions and Answers

What type of locomotion do protozoans in the phylum Sarcodina primarily use?

Cilia

Pseudopodia (correct)

Cellular contraction

Flagella

Which of the following statements about Mastigophora is incorrect?

They can cause diseases in humans.

Some members are parasitic and pathogenic.

They possess long flagella for movement.

All members are free-living. (correct)

Which amoeba is known to cause amoebic dysentery in humans?

Trypanosoma gambiense

Foraminifera

Entamoeba histolytica (correct)

Amoeba proteus

What structure do shelled amoebas such as Foraminifera and Radiolaria possess?

Test Signup and view all the answers

How do amoebas primarily reproduce?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What disease is caused by Trypanosoma gambiense?

African sleeping sickness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the main classifications of protozoans based on locomotion?

Hydrozoa Signup and view all the answers

What role do pseudopodia play in amoebas aside from locomotion?

Capturing and engulfing food Signup and view all the answers

What type of spore is produced by zygomycetes?

Zygospore Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is true for Basidiomycetes?

Has a club-shaped structure called basidium Signup and view all the answers

Which fungi group has no known sexual reproduction?

Deuteromycetes Signup and view all the answers

What do Oomycetes have in common regarding their cell wall composition?

Composed of cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the hyphae in Zygomycetes?

Unseptate (Coenocytic) <code>hyphae</code> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary habitat of most algae?

Aquatic environments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical member of the Basidiomycetes?

Rhizopus Signup and view all the answers

Which fungi type is known for forming mutualistic associations with plant roots?

Zygomycetes Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'eukaryote' literally mean in Greek?

True nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the size comparison between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are usually much larger than prokaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

What structure in eukaryotic cells separates chromosomal DNA during nuclear division?

Microtubular spindle Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains enzymes for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Determining cell shape and organization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles contains most of the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What function does the endoplasmic reticulum serve in eukaryotic cells?

Protein manufacture Signup and view all the answers

What pigment is primarily responsible for the brown color in brown algae?

Fucoxanthin Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes protozoans from algae?

Heterotrophic nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate do dinoflagellates use for energy storage?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cell walls in brown algae?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is NOT found in red algae?

Fucoxanthin Signup and view all the answers

How do protozoans primarily obtain their nutrients?

Via phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical member of the dinoflagellates?

Gonyaulax Signup and view all the answers

Which storage carbohydrate is specific to brown algae and not found in dinoflagellates?

Laminarin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by a member of the Mastigophora?

Giardiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macronucleus in ciliates?

Production of messenger RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protozoans is known to cause dysentery in humans?

Balantidium coli Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Apicomplexa class of protozoans from others?

All are obligate parasites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is present in most ciliates and aids in food ingestion?

Cytostome Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is primarily responsible for transmitting malaria to humans?

Anopheles mosquito Signup and view all the answers

What role do trichocysts serve in ciliates?

Attaching to surfaces and defense Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding sporozoans?

They have a spore-like stage called sporozoite for transmission. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have complex cells with membrane-bound nuclei containing genetic material.
The term "eukaryote" translates to "true nucleus," originating from Greek.
Eukaryotes include multicellular organisms (animals, plants, fungi, algae) and unicellular organisms (yeasts).
Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells, with distinct internal organelles.
A cytoskeleton made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments supports cell structure.

Organelles

Nucleus: Most prominent organelle, contains DNA in the form of linear chromosomes, separated during cell division by microtubular spindles.
Mitochondria: Double-membraned organelles where aerobic respiration occurs; contain their own DNA.
Lysosomes: Organelles that house enzymes for food breakdown.
Peroxisomes: Contain catalase for converting hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) & Ribosomes: Involved in protein production; the Golgi apparatus processes these proteins.

Fungi

Zygomycetes (e.g., Mucor, Rhizopus):
- Aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae, zygospores as sexual spores, resistant to adverse conditions, form mycorrhizal associations with plants.
Basidiomycetes (Club fungi, e.g., Agaricus, Amanita):
- Septate hyphae, basidiospores produced on basidia; includes mushrooms and plant pathogens like rusts and smuts.
Oomycetes (Water Moulds, e.g., Albuginales):
- Aseptate hyphae; thick-walled oospores as sexual spores; cell walls made of cellulose, some aquatic.
Deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecti):
- Septate hyphae; only known to reproduce asexually; typical members include Penicillium, Aspergillus, Candida.

Algae

Algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes, primarily aquatic, with some terrestrial species.
Photosynthetic pigments include chlorophylls a and c, along with xanthophylls.
Carbohydrates are stored as starch; cellulose constitutes their cell walls.
Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae):
- Multicellular organisms, pigments include chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin; store carbohydrates as laminarin.
Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae):
- Mostly multicellular, pigments include chlorophylls a and d, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin; store carbohydrates as starch.

Protozoa

Protozoans are diverse, unicellular eukaryotes that are non-photosynthetic and generally heterotrophic.
Lack cellulose cell walls, commonly found in aquatic environments; many are parasitic, causing diseases in humans.
Protozoans reproduce mainly through phagocytosis, engulfing food particles, and some possess specialized structures like gullets.
Sarcodina (Amoebas):
- Characterized by pseudopodia; reproduce by binary fission; some are parasites (e.g., Entamoeba histolytica).
Mastigophora (Flagellates):
- Feature long flagella for movement; includes pathogenic species such as Trypanosoma gambiense (African sleeping sickness).
Ciliophora (Ciliates):
- Possess cilia for movement and feeding; exhibit two types of nuclei; Paramecium is a well-known example, while Balantidium coli causes dysentery.
Apicomplexa (Sporozoans):
- Obligate parasites, typically non-motile; Plasmodium causes malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes; Toxoplasma leads to toxoplasmosis.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of eukaryotic organisms, with a focus on protists like fungi and algae. Understand the classification and characteristics that define these complex cells, as discussed in BIO 151. Test your knowledge and explore the diversity within the eukaryotes.

BIO 151: Eukaryotic Protists - Fungi and Algae

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