Bio 151 Chapter 25 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does it mean if a particular trait is present in older fossils but disappears in more recent species?

Evolution made a mistake.

You have disproved evolution.

The species without the trait are less evolved.

In more recent species, individuals without the trait had higher fitness. (correct)

Which of the following statements is true about a group of boys practicing basketball?

This is an example of evolution in action, because they have changed.

The boys have not changed.

All of their efforts won't influence evolution, because they haven't changed anything that is heritable. (correct)

They will produce sons who will be great basketball players.

Which conclusion cannot be drawn from the graphs concerning medium ground finches over a 35-year period?

The drought in 1977 caused many finches to die of starvation. (correct)

From 1985 to 2000, there was no net change in beak size.

Overall body size of ground finches has decreased.

Beaks have become more pointed since 1973.

Which of the following statements is an example of typological thinking?

<p>Women are shorter than men, have longer hair, and like to shop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is most likely to avoid the evolution of drug-resistant HIV?

<p>Using moderate doses of nucleoside analogs (NA) and two different protease inhibitors (PI) at the same time for several months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evolution and Fitness

Older fossils may show traits that disappear in recent species, indicating that individuals lacking those traits had higher fitness in changing environments.
Biological fitness refers to an organism's ability to produce surviving, fertile offspring, not to permanent "higher" or "lower" statuses among species.

Physical vs. Biological Fitness

Efforts to improve physical fitness, such as workouts, do not influence evolution as they do not change heritable traits or allele frequencies in a population.
Evolution occurs at the population level, not within individuals.

Ground Finch Study Insights

The conclusion that drought caused finch fatalities in 1977 cannot be confirmed solely from the data given on beak size and body characteristics.
Graphs depict changes over time but lack direct evidence linking drought to starvation as the cause of death.

Typological Thinking

Typological thinking stereotypes individuals based on assumed characteristics, disregarding variability.
An example of this flawed thinking is the statement that all women share the same traits regarding height and preferences.

HIV Genome and Antiretroviral Treatment

HIV contains an RNA genome that encodes essential enzymes: reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR), crucial for viral replication.
RT synthesizes DNA from RNA, while PR processes viral proteins.
Dual treatment with moderate doses of nucleoside analogs (NA) and two different protease inhibitors (PI) simultaneously is a strategy likely to reduce the evolution of drug-resistant HIV.

Description

Study key concepts from Chapter 25 of Bio 151 with these flashcards. Explore the implications of fossil records and traits in evolution. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of evolutionary biology principles.