Questions and Answers
What is a gene?
What did Beadle and Tatum demonstrate?
The flow of information in a cell proceeds from:
The information carried by a DNA molecule is in:
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When RNA is being made, the RNA base ____ always pairs with the base _____ in DNA.
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What is a polysome?
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Before messenger RNA is mature:
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Which enzyme synthesizes tRNA molecules?
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Which of the following is NOT related to ribosomal activity?
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Which of the following is NOT directly involved in the process of translation?
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In prokaryotes, the primary transcript of structural genes is:
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Which of the following DNA mutations is the most potentially damaging to the protein it specifies?
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Which of the following does NOT occur during the termination phase of translation?
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Sickle-cell disease is probably the result of which kind of mutation?
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What are ribosomes composed of?
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During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens?
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Which of the following events in translation of eukaryotes occurs first?
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Study Notes
Gene Definition and Function
- A gene provides the blueprint for making polypeptides.
- Genes are responsible for carrying information necessary for protein synthesis.
Beadle and Tatum Experiment
- Demonstrated that specific mutant organisms lacked certain enzymes.
- This highlighted that genes encode information for proteins.
Flow of Genetic Information
- Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
DNA Structure and Information
- The sequence of nucleotides in DNA carries genetic information.
RNA Base Pairing
- In RNA synthesis, uracil (U) pairs with adenine (A) in DNA.
Polysomes
- A polysome consists of an mRNA molecule with multiple ribosomes attached, facilitating simultaneous translation.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Maturation
- Before maturation, mRNA undergoes capping and tailing, enhancing stability and translation efficiency.
tRNA Synthesis
- tRNA molecules are synthesized by RNA polymerase.
Ribosomal Activity
- The spliceosome is not directly involved in ribosomal functions but is related to RNA splicing.
Translation Process
- Ligase does not have a role in translation processes.
- The primary transcript for structural genes in prokaryotes is mRNA.
DNA Mutation Effects
- Base-pair deletions can be the most damaging type of mutation, disrupting protein coding significantly.
Termination Phase of Translation
- During termination, a tRNA with the next amino acid does not enter the A site; instead, polypeptides are released.
Sickle-Cell Disease Mutation
- Sickle-cell disease is caused by a point mutation.
Ribosome Composition
- Ribosomes consist of two subunits made up of rRNA and several proteins.
Chain Elongation in Translation
- Elongation in protein synthesis continues until a chain terminator codon occupies the A site.
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation
- The first step in eukaryotic translation involves the base pairing of methionine-tRNA (met-tRNA) to the AUG start codon on mRNA.
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Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 17 of Bio 150 with these flashcards. This chapter covers essential genetic principles, including the role of genes and proteins. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge before exams.
