Bio 150 - Chapter 17 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a gene?

  • The information for making a polypeptide. (correct)
  • Made by a ribosome.
  • Made of protein.
  • Made of RNA.
  • The same thing as a chromosome.
  • What did Beadle and Tatum demonstrate?

  • Genes carry information for making proteins. (correct)
  • Mutations are changes in genetic information.
  • Cells need specific enzymes in order to function.
  • Genes are made of DNA.
  • Enzymes are required to repair damaged DNA information.
  • The flow of information in a cell proceeds from:

  • DNA to protein to RNA.
  • RNA to DNA to protein.
  • RNA to protein to DNA.
  • DNA to RNA to protein. (correct)
  • Protein to RNA to DNA.
  • The information carried by a DNA molecule is in:

    <p>The order of the nucleotides in the molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When RNA is being made, the RNA base ____ always pairs with the base _____ in DNA.

    <p>U...A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polysome?

    <p>An mRNA molecule with several ribosomes attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before messenger RNA is mature:

    <p>A cap and tail are added to the transcript.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme synthesizes tRNA molecules?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT related to ribosomal activity?

    <p>Spliceosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT directly involved in the process of translation?

    <p>Ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotes, the primary transcript of structural genes is:

    <p>mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following DNA mutations is the most potentially damaging to the protein it specifies?

    <p>A base-pair deletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT occur during the termination phase of translation?

    <p>A tRNA with the next amino acid enters the P site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle-cell disease is probably the result of which kind of mutation?

    <p>Point mutation only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ribosomes composed of?

    <p>Two subunits, each consisting of rRNA and many proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens?

    <p>Chain terminator codons enter into the A site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events in translation of eukaryotes occurs first?

    <p>Base pairing of met-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gene Definition and Function

    • A gene provides the blueprint for making polypeptides.
    • Genes are responsible for carrying information necessary for protein synthesis.

    Beadle and Tatum Experiment

    • Demonstrated that specific mutant organisms lacked certain enzymes.
    • This highlighted that genes encode information for proteins.

    Flow of Genetic Information

    • Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

    DNA Structure and Information

    • The sequence of nucleotides in DNA carries genetic information.

    RNA Base Pairing

    • In RNA synthesis, uracil (U) pairs with adenine (A) in DNA.

    Polysomes

    • A polysome consists of an mRNA molecule with multiple ribosomes attached, facilitating simultaneous translation.

    Messenger RNA (mRNA) Maturation

    • Before maturation, mRNA undergoes capping and tailing, enhancing stability and translation efficiency.

    tRNA Synthesis

    • tRNA molecules are synthesized by RNA polymerase.

    Ribosomal Activity

    • The spliceosome is not directly involved in ribosomal functions but is related to RNA splicing.

    Translation Process

    • Ligase does not have a role in translation processes.
    • The primary transcript for structural genes in prokaryotes is mRNA.

    DNA Mutation Effects

    • Base-pair deletions can be the most damaging type of mutation, disrupting protein coding significantly.

    Termination Phase of Translation

    • During termination, a tRNA with the next amino acid does not enter the A site; instead, polypeptides are released.

    Sickle-Cell Disease Mutation

    • Sickle-cell disease is caused by a point mutation.

    Ribosome Composition

    • Ribosomes consist of two subunits made up of rRNA and several proteins.

    Chain Elongation in Translation

    • Elongation in protein synthesis continues until a chain terminator codon occupies the A site.

    Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

    • The first step in eukaryotic translation involves the base pairing of methionine-tRNA (met-tRNA) to the AUG start codon on mRNA.

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    Test your understanding of key concepts from Chapter 17 of Bio 150 with these flashcards. This chapter covers essential genetic principles, including the role of genes and proteins. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge before exams.

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