BIO 1050 Exam 2 Flashcards

Endocytosis is a type of active transport that moves particles into a cell, while exocytosis is the process where cells 'throw out' material.

Phagocytosis is the process of 'cell eating' where large particles are taken in, while pinocytosis is 'cell drinking' where small molecules and fluids are absorbed.

It is a process where receptor proteins on the cell surface capture specific target molecules.

<p>Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy based on position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP is a form of potential energy when stored in chemical bonds and kinetic energy when those bonds are broken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. The second law indicates that entropy increases in a closed system when energy changes form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system and relates to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy in a closed system increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endergonic reactions absorb energy, while exergonic reactions release energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells use ATP for energy transfers and transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substrate is the surface where an enzyme acts, and the active site is the specific region of the enzyme that binds to the substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature, pH, cofactors/coenzymes, and inhibitors affect enzyme function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A competitive inhibitor resembles the substrate and binds to the active site, while a noncompetitive inhibitor binds elsewhere on the enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feedback inhibition occurs when the product of a reaction inhibits one of the enzymes in the pathway that produced it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactants are glucose and oxygen; products are carbon dioxide, water, ATP, and heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilocalories are energy units that measure the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1ºC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation is the loss of electrons, while reduction is the gain of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dehydrogenase enzyme removes 2 hydrogen atoms from an organic molecule and transfers them to NAD+ or FAD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons lose energy during the transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and produces the largest amount of ATP, while substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemiosmosis is the movement of H+ through ATP synthase to make ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm; pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix; oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis begins with a single 6-carbon glucose molecule and produces 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photorespiration is a process in higher plants where O2 is taken up in light and CO2 is released, contrary to photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C4 plants separate carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle in different cells, while CAM plants perform these processes at different times of day.</p> Signup and view all the answers