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Questions and Answers
What suffix is commonly added to the substrate of an enzyme to create its name?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the naming system for enzymes?
What is the primary function of lipase?
Which factor does NOT influence enzyme action?
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What enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down lactose?
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What is the primary function of enzymes in the body?
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Which model suggests that the enzyme's active site is a perfect fit for the substrate?
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What occurs after an enzyme binds to a substrate?
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What distinguishes coenzymes from cofactors?
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What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a reaction?
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What feature do substrates possess to interact with enzymes?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding enzymes?
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Who proposed the Induced Fit Model of enzyme action?
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Study Notes
Enzymes Overview
- Enzymes are complex organic compounds crucial for speeding up chemical reactions without altering themselves.
- Highly specific, each enzyme catalyzes one distinct chemical reaction and can be recycled post-reaction.
Importance of Enzymes
- Essential for biochemical reactions in the body, ensuring processes occur efficiently.
- Without specific enzymes, certain reactions may barely progress.
Enzyme Structure
- Enzymes consist of an active site where substrates bind, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
- The relationship between the enzyme's active site and substrate is often described by models.
Enzyme Action Models
- Lock and Key Model: Proposed by Emil Fischer (1894); suggests a rigid structure where the enzyme and substrate fit perfectly like a key in a lock.
- Induced Fit Model: Proposed by Daniel E. Koshland Jr. (1958); suggests that enzyme flexibility allows for a change in both substrate and active site upon binding.
Cofactors and Coenzymes
- Cofactors can be organic or inorganic molecules that support enzyme function.
- Coenzymes are a type of cofactor that bind loosely to the enzyme and assist in substrate recruitment.
Enzyme Nomenclature
- Enzymes typically end in -ase, reflecting either the substrate or the reaction (e.g., lactase breaks down lactose).
- Enzyme classification uses an EC number system with four digits: class, subclass, sub-subclass, and enzyme number.
Examples of Biological Enzymes
- Lipase: Breaks down fats (lipids).
- Protease: Breaks down proteins.
- Cellulase: Digests cellulose (fiber).
- Amylase: Hydrolyzes starch (amylose).
- Sucrase: Digests sugars (sucrose).
- Maltase: Breaks down maltose in grains.
- Lactase: Digests lactose in dairy products.
Factors Influencing Enzyme Action
- Concentration of substrate impacts reaction rate.
- Concentration of enzyme affects the catalytic activity.
- Temperature and pH levels are crucial to enzyme stability and function.
- Presence of accelerators can enhance enzyme activity.
- Inhibitors can impede enzyme functionality.
- Environmental conditions can pose hazards affecting enzyme action.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of enzymes in this quiz from BIO 024 Lesson 9. You'll learn about their importance in our body, different structures, and classifications. Identify the features of enzymes and understand how they function in speeding up chemical reactions.
