30 Questions
What type of houses were found along the Pasig River in Binondo?
The newest, most elegant houses
What was the main feature of the Calzada in Manila?
A great promenade
What was introduced in Manila in 1888?
Steam tramways
What was the total number of carriages that passed through the Puente Grande in 1858?
1,256 carriages
What was the purpose of the waterworks system constructed in 1884?
To provide a water supply
What was the number of daily newspapers in Manila by the end of the Spanish regime?
Five daily newspapers
What was the primary source of state revenue?
Tribute
Who was responsible for collecting the tribute?
Cabeza de barangay
What was the purpose of polos labor?
To carry out public works
Who was eligible to vote for local officials?
Only the principalia
How many voting members were there at any one time?
Thirteen
Who made the final decision for the local official position?
Provincial governor
What was the main purpose of the Board of Civil Administration?
To manage local government and public services
What was the result of the reorganization of the Treasury?
Separation of finance, accounting, and auditing functions
What was the primary goal of the reforms in the executive branch?
To improve accountability and centralization
Who was appointed to supervise the polos y servicios?
A General Inspector of Public Works
What was a major obstacle to accountability in the executive branch?
Simultaneous possession of executive and judicial authority
What change was made in 1861 to address the transgression of the liberal principle of separation of powers?
The divestment of judicial responsibility from the governor-general and provincial governors
What was the primary purpose of introducing the cédula personal in 1884?
To provide a means of identification for adults
What was the role of the parish priest in the distribution of cedulas?
He certified the correctness of the cedulas
What was the outcome of the failure of reform to penetrate to the local level?
The local clergy gained more influence
What was the contribución industrial?
A tax on earnings
What was the main weakness of the local state by the end of the century?
Its lack of infrastructure for implementation
What was the outcome of the rationalized drive for revenues?
An increase in corruption
What was the main reason why the government's 1836 policy of teaching Spanish in primary schools was not implemented?
Lack of qualified teachers with Spanish language skills
What was the prevailing attitude towards the education of indios in the 1840s?
They should be kept ignorant
What was the main reason for the expansion of the school system in the Philippines?
To produce a trained workforce for the public and private bureaucracies
What was introduced in the primary curriculum as a result of the 1863 decree?
Secular topics and Spanish
What was established in 1865 as a result of the 1863 decree?
A men's normal school
Which order did not share the hostility to the mission of educating the indios?
Jesuits
Explore the history of Binondo, a district in Manila, Philippines, in the 19th century. Learn about its importance as a commercial capital, its demographics, and its infrastructure. Discover the daily life and economy of Binondo during this period.
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