Eating Disorders

Eating Disorders

• Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder characterized by a preoccupation with muscularity and body shape.

Orthorexia Nervosa

• Orthorexia nervosa is characterized by a fixation on eating healthy or "clean" foods.

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

• ARFID is characterized by limited food preferences and avoidance of certain types or textures of food.

Pica

• Pica is characterized by eating non-food substances, such as dirt or chalk.

Rumination Disorder

• Rumination Disorder is characterized by repeatedly bringing up food from the stomach into the mouth, re-chewing, and re-swallowing it.

Anorexia Nervosa

• Significantly low weight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 or less.
• The main symptom that interferes with weight gain is a fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
• A necessary component of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image and an intense fear of gaining weight.
• Body weight or shape unduly influences self-evaluation in anorexia nervosa.
• One of the key criteria for diagnosing anorexia nervosa is a significantly low body weight.
• According to ICD-10, the minimum percentage by which actual body weight must be below expected weight to diagnose anorexia nervosa is 15%.
• The minimum BMI required for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa according to ICD-10 is 17.5.
• Behaviors that can cause weight loss and be associated with anorexia nervosa include restrictive eating, excessive exercise, and purging.
• Anorexia nervosa can manifest as a psychological disorder, such as depression or anxiety.
• In males, anorexia nervosa can lead to hypogonadism, a hormonal disorder.
• Anorexia nervosa can delay the onset of puberty in prepubertal individuals.
• In females, anorexia nervosa can lead to amenorrhea, the cessation of menstruation.
• The two main types of anorexia nervosa are restricting type and binge-eating/purging type.
• The binge-eating/purging type is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging over the past 3 months.
• The restricting type is characterized by the absence of binge eating and purging.
• According to the DSM-5, the key difference between the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in DSM-5 and ICD-10 is the severity specifiers.
• The two main subtypes of anorexia nervosa according to DSM-5 are restricting type and binge-eating/purging type.
• The 'Restricting type' of anorexia nervosa is characterized by the absence of binge eating and purging.
• The 'Binge-eating/purging type' is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging.
• The BMI range for classifying anorexia nervosa as 'Moderate' according to severity specifiers in DSM-5 is 16-16.99.

Bulimia Nervosa

• The two key criteria for characterizing a binge eating episode in bulimia are eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar circumstance and a sense of lack of control over eating.
• A key psychological feature of bulimia is a self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.
• In bulimia, inappropriate compensatory behaviors include self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or other medications.
• According to the DSM-5, both binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors must occur at least once a week for at least 3 months to meet the criteria for bulimia.
• The important distinction made regarding the occurrence of the disturbance is that it must occur at least once a week for at least 3 months.
• The 'Severe' category of bulimia nervosa is distinguished from the 'Mild' category by the number of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week, with 8-13 episodes per week.
• The measure of the average number of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week is considered not perfect because it does not capture the complexity of bulimia.

Binge Eating Disorder

• Binge eating disorder is the most common among the listed eating disorders.
• A common characteristic associated with binge eating disorder is eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar circumstance.
• It is not possible to diagnose binge eating disorder in a client if they also meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED)

• OSFED stands for Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders, which is a category for eating disorders that do not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder.