Binary Tree Data Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum number of children a node can have in a binary tree?

2

How is a binary tree represented?

A binary tree is represented by a pointer to the topmost node (commonly known as the 'root') of the tree.

What are the three types of traversals in a binary tree?

In order traversal, Pre-order traversal, Postorder traversal

What are adjacent nodes in a graph?

<p>Any two nodes which are connected by an edge in a graph are called adjacent nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function parameter in C++?

<p>A variable declared in the prototype or declaration of a function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four Storage Classes in C++.

<ol> <li>Global variables</li> <li>Local variables</li> <li>Register variables</li> <li>Static variables</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to overload an operator in C++?

<p>To define a new relation task to an operator and specify its meaning in relation to the class to which the operator is applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a C++ code to swap two variables using reference variables in a function.

<p>#include using namespace std; void swap(int &amp;a, int &amp;b) { int temp = a; a = b; b = temp; }</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most common ways to represent a graph?

<p>Adjacency Matrix and Adjacency List</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a node represented in a tree data structure?

<p>A node in a tree data structure is represented using a struct with a data field and pointers to its child nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between merge sort and quick sort?

<p>Merge sort is a stable sorting algorithm with a time complexity of O(n log n), while quick sort is an unstable sorting algorithm with a time complexity of O(n log n) on average.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of graph traversal algorithms?

<p>Breadth First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Binary Tree

  • A node in a binary tree can have a maximum of two children.
  • A binary tree is represented using nodes and edges, where each node has a value and at most two children (left and right).

Graph Traversal

  • Adjacent nodes in a graph are nodes that are connected by an edge.
  • There are two main types of graph traversal algorithms: Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS).

C++ Programming

  • A function parameter in C++ is a variable declared in the function declaration that receives a value when the function is called.
  • There are four storage classes in C++: Automatic, Register, Static, and Extern.
  • Operator overloading is necessary in C++ to allow operators to work with user-defined data types, such as classes and structures.

Swapping Variables

  • Here is a C++ code to swap two variables using reference variables in a function:
void swap(int &amp;a, int &amp;b) {
    int temp = a;
    a = b;
    b = temp;
}

Graph Representation

  • The two most common ways to represent a graph are: Adjacency Matrix and Adjacency List.

Tree Data Structure

  • A node in a tree data structure is represented by a data value and a set of child nodes.

Sorting Algorithms

  • Merge sort and quick sort are two popular sorting algorithms that differ in their approach:
    • Merge sort: divides the array into smaller chunks, sorts each chunk, and then merges them.
    • Quick sort: selects a pivot element, partitions the array around it, and then recursively sorts the subarrays.

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Description

Learn about the definition and representation of a binary tree, where each node can have at most 2 children named left and right child. Understand the parts of a binary tree node including data, pointer to the left child, and pointer to the right child.

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