Bilateral Obligations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of bilateral obligations?

Only one party has responsibilities.

The parties are reciprocally debtors and creditors. (correct)

There is no juridical tie binding the parties.

Obligations are unilateral in nature.

Which of the following is an example of a prestation to do?

Service contract (correct)

Contract of sale

Contract of loan

Lease agreement

In the obligation to pay taxes, who is considered the passive subject?

The Bureau of Internal Revenue

The tax collector

The government

The taxpayer (correct)

What does the juridical tie in an obligation refer to?

The legal relationship between the parties. Signup and view all the answers

If A is bound to build a house for B, which of the following is true after the house is completed?

B becomes the active subject. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the prestation 'not to do'?

Avoiding an action Signup and view all the answers

In a contract of labor, which of the following best describes the prestation?

To perform specific services. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the object or prestation in an obligation is correct?

It may consist of actions or abstaining from actions. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a unilateral obligation?

Only one party is legally required to fulfill the obligation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of obligation?

Personal preference Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a bilateral obligation?

Both parties have mutual obligations to each other. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of obligations, what is a quasi-contract?

An enforceable obligation that arises from voluntary acts. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an obligation arising from a crime?

Returning an item stolen during a robbery. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of obligation is characterized by dependencies between the performances of both parties?

Reciprocal obligations Signup and view all the answers

What type of obligation is established when damages are caused without a contractual relationship existing between the parties?

A quasi-delict Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies a non-reciprocal obligation?

A service is provided without expectation of payment. Signup and view all the answers

Which sources are recognized for deriving obligations according to the content?

Law and Contracts Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 1158 imply about legal obligations?

They must be clearly specified in the law. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of contracts as stated in Article 1159?

Contracts have the force of law between parties. Signup and view all the answers

Why cannot the National Government pay interest on overpaid taxes?

There must be a statutory provision expressly allowing it. Signup and view all the answers

How does the obligation regarding legal assistance for employees typically function?

Employers are generally not obligated unless specified by law. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary condition for an obligation to be considered 'demandable'?

It must be clearly established in the law. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'quasi-contract' refer to in legal obligations?

Imposed duties that arise outside of explicit contracts. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the high school principal's responsibilities, what can be inferred about legal obligations?

They are only applicable if explicitly stated in the law. Signup and view all the answers

What is one essential requirement for establishing a quasi-delict?

There must be damage caused. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between crime and quasi-delict?

Crime is concerned with public interest, whereas quasi-delict pertains to private interest. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the test for determining negligence?

The consideration of whether a prudent person would foresee harm. Signup and view all the answers

In quasi-delict, what is required in terms of liability?

Only civil liability exists and it can be compromised. Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best captures the essence of fault or negligence in the context of quasi-delict?

A lack of ordinary care that leads to damage. Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT a requisite of quasi-delict?

The presence of a willing agreement between parties. Signup and view all the answers

What standard of proof is required for establishing fault or negligence in quasi-delict?

Preponderance of evidence. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the responsibilities imposed by obligations in the context of quasi-delict?

Individuals must care for property as a diligent caretaker unless stated otherwise. Signup and view all the answers

What must be established for an obligation to be considered in mora solvendi?

The obligation must be due, enforceable, and liquidated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a scenario of mora accipiendi?

The creditor refuses to accept payment without justifiable reasons. Signup and view all the answers

In a reciprocal obligation, when must the creditor typically demand performance to put the seller in default?

As a rule, after the delivery date has passed. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mora solvendi ex re from other types of mora?

It pertains specifically to default in real obligations. Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition does compensatio morae occur?

When both parties to a reciprocal obligation are in default. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically required for the creditor to provide proof of demand?

Proof of non-performance by the debtor. Signup and view all the answers

When can a debtor be considered at fault for loss arising ex delicto?

If the loss occurs during a fortuitous event. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for simultaneous performance in reciprocal obligations?

Performance must occur on dates specified by customs or law. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obligations Overview

Bilateral obligations involve reciprocal roles of debtors and creditors.
A juridical tie, or efficient cause, connects parties to the obligation.
Identifying the prestation is crucial for determining the passive and active subjects.

Kinds of Prestation

To give: Delivery of a movable or immovable thing, creating real rights or simple possession.
To do: Involves performing services or work, whether mental or physical.
Not to do: Entails abstaining from certain acts, including “not to give.”

Examples of Prestation

Contract of sale and loan illustrate prestations to give.
A contract of labor exemplifies a prestation to do.
In tax obligations:
- Passive subject: taxpayer
- Active subject: government
- Prestation: paying taxes
In product delivery:
- Passive subject: seller
- Active subject: buyer
- Prestation: delivering products.

Nature of Obligations

Unilateral obligations: Only one party is bound, e.g., a loan repayment.
Bilateral obligations: Both parties are obligated, e.g., in a sales contract.

Sources of Obligation

Derived from five key sources outlined in Article 1157:
- Law
- Contracts
- Quasi-contracts
- Crimes or acts punishable by law
- Quasi-delicts.

Detailed Sources of Obligation

Law: Obligations imposed by legal requirements (e.g., taxes).
Contracts: Obligations arise from agreements or stipulations (e.g., loan repayment).
Quasi-contracts: Created to prevent unjust enrichment through lawful, unilateral acts (e.g., money paid by mistake).
Criminal acts: Civil liability follows criminal offenses (e.g., theft).
Quasi-delicts: Damage caused through negligence without contractual relations (e.g., property damage).

Legal Obligations

Not presumed and must be expressly outlined; they are obligations that act as a burden on the obligor.

Moras (Defaults)

Mora solvendi: Default by the debtor, which can be:
- Ex re: Default in real obligations.
- Ex persona: Default in personal obligations.
Mora accipiendi: Creditor's default in accepting performance.
Compensatio morae: Both parties in default in reciprocal obligations.

Requisites for Mora Solvendi

The obligation must be due, enforceable, and determined.
Non-performance must be established.
A demand must be made unless otherwise specified.

Reciprocal Obligations

Both parties depend on each other’s commitments for performance.
Performance may occur on different dates or simultaneously depending on the contractual stipulation.

Determining Negligence

Test for negligence focuses on whether a prudent person would foresee potential harm from their actions.

Distinction Between Crime and Quasi-Delict

Malicious intent is present in crime, whereas quasi-delict involves only negligence.
Crime aims at punishment; quasi-delict focuses on indemnification.
Crime affects public interest, while quasi-delict concerns private interests.

Legal Obligations Implications

Employers typically have no obligations to provide legal assistance unless expressly required.
Overpayment of taxes doesn't guarantee interest refunds without legal provisions.

Quasi-Delict Requisites

Requires an act or omission, fault or negligence, damage caused, and no pre-existing contractual relationship.

These notes summarize key concepts related to obligations, their sources, types, and implications, crucial for understanding the framework governing legal duties and relationships.

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Description

Test your understanding of bilateral obligations and the legal ties that connect parties in a contractual arrangement. This quiz covers topics such as debtors, creditors, and the identification of prestations within obligations. Enhance your knowledge of legal concepts and their implications in practice.