Big Data Overview and Trends
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Questions and Answers

What type of relationships does Excel support?

  • Many-to-many relationships
  • One-to-one relationships (correct)
  • One-to-many relationships (correct)
  • All of the above

    • Which feature in Excel can help restrict data input to specific formats or lists?

  • VLOOKUP
  • Text to Columns
  • Conditional Formatting
  • Data Validation (correct)

    • What is a key benefit of database normalization in Excel?

  • Consolidating all data into one table
  • Minimizing redundancy (correct)
  • Eliminating the need for unique IDs
  • Maximizing redundancy

    • What is the first normal form (1NF) in database normalization?

    <p>Separating atomic values into different fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Excel function is used to retrieve data based on a matching key?

    <p>VLOOKUP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be maintained to ensure data integrity in Excel?

    <p>Manual attention to data consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Conditional Formatting help highlight in Excel?

    <p>Potential errors such as duplicates or blank cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a limitation of VLOOKUP in Excel?

    <p>Can search in multiple sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of global data is stored in Relational Databases?

    <p>Less than 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'Veracity' in the context of Big Data?

    <p>The trustworthiness and authenticity of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated global data generation in zettabytes by 2025?

    <p>175 zettabytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage technology is designed to handle large volumes of data across multiple servers?

    <p>Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a Datalake?

    <p>A centralized repository for raw data of all types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Power BI Desktop?

    <p>Creating reports and dashboards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is exclusive to Power BI Service?

    <p>Collaboration on reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that less than 20% of global data is stored in Relational Databases?

    <p>Most data is unstructured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does AI provide in Power Apps?

    <p>Speeding up app development through automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source generates approximately 500,000 tweets per minute?

    <p>Twitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Value' aspect of Big Data focus on?

    <p>The correlations and statistical significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic describes relational databases?

    <p>Data points are organized in tables of rows and columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best distinguishes Power BI from traditional SQL databases?

    <p>Power BI focuses on analysis and visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functionality does Power Query provide in Power BI Desktop?

    <p>Cleaning and transforming data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of building an app in Power Apps?

    <p>Set up a traditional database server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly identifies the audience of Power BI Desktop?

    <p>Developers and designers creating reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the INNER JOIN clause return?

    <p>Only the rows with matching values in both tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SQL command is used to add a new column to an existing table?

    <p>ALTER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the LEFT JOIN clause return when there are no matching rows in the right table?

    <p>All rows from the left table with NULLs in the right table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid syntax for retrieving data from multiple tables?

    <p>SELECT column1 FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON condition;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the command 'DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;' do?

    <p>Delete specific rows based on the condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SQL function would you use to calculate the total sum of a column?

    <p>SUM(column)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would you most likely use the 'WHERE' clause?

    <p>To filter the results of a query.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using the syntax 'SELECT sum(column) FROM table_name;', what kind of operation is being performed?

    <p>Data aggregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of primary keys in a relational database?

    <p>To uniquely identify each row in a table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do foreign key constraints help maintain data integrity?

    <p>By preventing invalid data from being inserted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which relationship type indicates that one entity can be associated with multiple instances of another entity?

    <p>Many to Many</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant benefit of using ER diagrams when designing a database?

    <p>They assist in identifying entities and their relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of normalization in a database?

    <p>To reduce data redundancy and improve integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains a one-to-many relationship?

    <p>One school has many students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an intermediate table do in a many-to-many relationship?

    <p>It links two tables by containing foreign keys from both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is data integrity important in a relational database?

    <p>It ensures that data remains consistent and accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a foreign key in a database?

    <p>To connect two tables using a primary key from another table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SQL command would you use to delete data from a database?

    <p>DELETE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the data type VARCHAR(n) represent in a database?

    <p>A variable-length string of text with a maximum of n characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are databases considered important in economic and financial analysis?

    <p>They facilitate informed decision-making and trend identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which SQL function is primarily used for data analysis and extraction?

    <p>SELECT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a primary key in a database?

    <p>It identifies a row uniquely and cannot be repeated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the data type DATE in a database?

    <p>A specific value formatted as YYYY-MM-DD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of SQL, what does the acronym SQL stand for?

    <p>Structured Query Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data type would you choose for storing a true/false value?

    <p>BOOLEAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic syntax for creating a new table in SQL?

    <p>CREATE TABLE TableName (Column1 DataType1, Column2 DataType2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Big Data

    • Data is crucial for decision-making in all aspects of business
    • In 2025, the world will generate 175 zettabytes (ZB) of data. In 2010, it was just 2 ZB
    • Every day, internet users generate around 2,500,000 gigabytes of data.
    • 90% of data was created in the last two years

    The 5 Vs of Big Data

    • Velocity: batch, near time, real-time, streams
    • Variety: structured, unstructured, semi-structured data.
    • Volume: terabytes, records, transactions, tables, files.
    • Veracity: trustworthiness, authenticity, origin, reputation, accountability, and value.
    • Value: statistical, events, correlations, hypothetical

    Sources of Data

    • Facebook
    • Twitter (500,000 tweets/minute)
    • Instagram (347,222 posts/minute)
    • Internet of Things (IoT): 75 million connected devices generating data, sensors

    Storage of Generated Data

    • Less than 20% of global data is stored in relational databases.
    • 80% of global data is unstructured (text, images, video).
    • Stored in Big Data Architectures, in the cloud, and in NoSQL databases

    Big Data Storage

    • Requires different technologies to process and analyze volumes of data that traditional databases can't handle.

    Economic and Financial Data Sources

    • Data sources covering economic and financial aspects of a country.
    • Allow various data analysis types
    • Describing a dataset(Unemployment for a given month)
    • Analysis of trends over time(How Unemployment changed in Spain during the last month)
    • Comparison analysis of regions, groups or variables(How Unemployment changed across different communities in Spain during the last year).
    • INE (National Statistical Institute): provides stats on economic, demographic, and social aspects of the country; regularly updates data and provides access through its website.
    • Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Enterprise: provides financial data and stats
    • Macroeconomic statistics
    • Public finances (budget execution, deficit, and debt)
    • Labor market statistics (employment, unemployment, job openings)
    • Financial system info
    • Foreign trade (exports, imports, trade balance)
    • Various government agencies(Spanish government, Madrid stock market, Spanish Bank, Eurostat, World Bank, International Monetary Fund)

    Introduction to Databases

    • Understanding Databases essential for managing data across industries.
    • Databases facilitate e-commerce platforms, social media networks, banking, healthcare, education, logistics, and supply-chain management
    • Includes Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Government Services
    • Methods before Databases were paper, magnetic tapes, books, and electronic files
    • Databases had limitations with searching, retrieving, integrity, and security
    • Difficulty handling large data volumes
    • Evolution from ER Model in 1970s, Relational Database Management Systems(RDBMS) in 1980s, to NoSQL in 1990s

    Basic Concepts of Databases

    • A database is organized data accessible for management and updating.
    • Consists of tables(tables, rows and columns).
    • Tables contain data like people, products, orders, etc. through relationships.

    SQL and Its Importance

    • Structured Query Language (SQL) used for managing relational databases.
    • Essential for data analysis by extracting insights, handles large data volumes, easy to learn
    • Used for business intelligence, finance, healthcare, and e-commerce

    Types of Data Types

    • Integer (whole numbers)
    • Floating-point numbers (approximate decimals)
    • Character data (fixed/variable length)
    • Date and Time values
    • Binary Large Objects (BLOB)

    Database Design

    • Defining structure, storage for data
    • Defining Tables, fields, data types, and relationships
    • Helps optimize redundancy and data integrity

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    Related Documents

    Big Data Analysis in Spain PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of big data, including its significance in decision-making and the staggering growth projections for the coming years. Learn about the 5 Vs of Big Data: Velocity, Variety, Volume, Veracity, and Value, and discover key sources and storage methods for this vast amount of data.

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