Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of oncology studies highlighted apparent advances from 2001-2011 could be robustly replicated?
What percentage of oncology studies highlighted apparent advances from 2001-2011 could be robustly replicated?
How many out of 18 microarray papers were found to have results that could not be reproduced?
How many out of 18 microarray papers were found to have results that could not be reproduced?
What is one potential threat to reproducible science mentioned in the document?
What is one potential threat to reproducible science mentioned in the document?
According to the document, which temperature range was used during the heat shock of E. coli?
According to the document, which temperature range was used during the heat shock of E. coli?
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Which study year was cited in relation to the repeatability of published microarray gene expression analyses?
Which study year was cited in relation to the repeatability of published microarray gene expression analyses?
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What key aspect of scientific reporting is suggested to potentially mislead researchers?
What key aspect of scientific reporting is suggested to potentially mislead researchers?
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What issue is indicated regarding retractions in scientific publishing?
What issue is indicated regarding retractions in scientific publishing?
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What is the total number of oncology studies evaluated for reproducibility from 2001 to 2011?
What is the total number of oncology studies evaluated for reproducibility from 2001 to 2011?
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Which standard specifically applies to the reporting of observational studies?
Which standard specifically applies to the reporting of observational studies?
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What is a major persistent issue in clinical research mentioned in the content?
What is a major persistent issue in clinical research mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following is NOT associated with reporting standards in clinical research?
Which of the following is NOT associated with reporting standards in clinical research?
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What does the Learning Health System aim to align for continuous improvement?
What does the Learning Health System aim to align for continuous improvement?
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What is a common secondary problem resulting from issues in clinical research?
What is a common secondary problem resulting from issues in clinical research?
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Which reporting standard has evolved from STROBE for observational data?
Which reporting standard has evolved from STROBE for observational data?
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What is highlighted as a critical factor that cannot be overlooked in data utilization?
What is highlighted as a critical factor that cannot be overlooked in data utilization?
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What characterizes funding for clinical research as mentioned in the content?
What characterizes funding for clinical research as mentioned in the content?
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What is the main challenge associated with data collected for multiple purposes in health informatics?
What is the main challenge associated with data collected for multiple purposes in health informatics?
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What bias is illustrated by the example of not recording a BMI for a thin person?
What bias is illustrated by the example of not recording a BMI for a thin person?
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Which term best describes a systematic representation of terms and relationships in informatics?
Which term best describes a systematic representation of terms and relationships in informatics?
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What type of code is represented by 'ICD-10 - E11'?
What type of code is represented by 'ICD-10 - E11'?
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What is a significant potential consequence of software bias in electronic health records (EHRs)?
What is a significant potential consequence of software bias in electronic health records (EHRs)?
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What is emphasized regarding data recorded in EHR systems?
What is emphasized regarding data recorded in EHR systems?
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What percentage of data resurrection rate was observed in one UK longitudinal study?
What percentage of data resurrection rate was observed in one UK longitudinal study?
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What is the role of tracking data provenance in clinical research?
What is the role of tracking data provenance in clinical research?
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What is a fundamental function of a Learning Health System (LHS)?
What is a fundamental function of a Learning Health System (LHS)?
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Which of the following statements best describes the continuous improvement aspect of an LHS?
Which of the following statements best describes the continuous improvement aspect of an LHS?
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In the context of Learning Health Systems, what role does 'dissemination' play?
In the context of Learning Health Systems, what role does 'dissemination' play?
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Which characteristic of an LHS ensures that patient experiences contribute to healthcare learning?
Which characteristic of an LHS ensures that patient experiences contribute to healthcare learning?
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What does the term 'virtous cycles' refer to when discussing how learning happens in an LHS?
What does the term 'virtous cycles' refer to when discussing how learning happens in an LHS?
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Which of the following best explains the role of governance in the ultra-large scale system described?
Which of the following best explains the role of governance in the ultra-large scale system described?
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What aspect of an LHS is highlighted by the need for tailored messages to decision-makers?
What aspect of an LHS is highlighted by the need for tailored messages to decision-makers?
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What is a key element in establishing a culture within a Learning Health System?
What is a key element in establishing a culture within a Learning Health System?
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What is a feature of the checklist view of an LHS regarding best practices?
What is a feature of the checklist view of an LHS regarding best practices?
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In precision medicine, what is the significance of interpreting results?
In precision medicine, what is the significance of interpreting results?
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What is a key benefit of utilizing Big Data in health?
What is a key benefit of utilizing Big Data in health?
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What is emphasized as particularly critical in health research using Big Data?
What is emphasized as particularly critical in health research using Big Data?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Big Data?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Big Data?
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In the context of Big Data, what do Learning Health Systems aim to achieve?
In the context of Big Data, what do Learning Health Systems aim to achieve?
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What should researchers be particularly aware of when working with Big Health Data?
What should researchers be particularly aware of when working with Big Health Data?
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Which aspect of Big Data is highlighted as an area of concern in health research?
Which aspect of Big Data is highlighted as an area of concern in health research?
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Which of these statements correctly describes how Big Data research differs from classical research approaches?
Which of these statements correctly describes how Big Data research differs from classical research approaches?
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What type of patient data is typically included in the assembly of data for health predictions?
What type of patient data is typically included in the assembly of data for health predictions?
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Study Notes
Classification and Terminology
- Classification: Systematic arrangement of terms, concepts, and their interrelationships. Example: An apple is the fruit of the apple tree, which belongs to the rose family.
- Nomenclature: An agreed system for naming within specific fields, such as medical terms.
- Type 2 Diabetes: A chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels; results from the body's inadequate response to insulin; most prevalent diabetes form.
- Terminology: Defined set of words and expressions used in particular domains.
Health Data Codes
- ICD-10: E11, used for classifying diseases.
- Read v3: CT10F, a system for recording clinical findings.
- UMLS: C0375115, a unified medical language system reference.
- ICPC: T31, used in primary care settings.
- SNOMED CT: 16403005, comprehensive clinical terminology.
Challenges in Real World Data (RWD)
- RWD can be incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated; clinicians and insurers must maintain vigilance regarding data integrity.
- Contextual accuracy in Electronic Health Records (EHR) is crucial for reliable data interpretation.
- Reimbursement Bias: Issues such as unnecessary BMI records in lean patients.
- Software Bias: EHR limitations, such as the inability to input negative values.
- Data inaccuracies exemplified by a 1% resurrection rate in a UK longitudinal study, and definitions diverging from textual descriptions.
- Replication troubles in oncology studies, with only 11% replicability in major findings.
Reproducibility Gap
- Significant challenges in replicating research findings, as demonstrated by microarray studies; 10 out of 18 papers failed reproducibility tests.
Reporting Standards
- Emphasis on traceability and accountability in clinical research.
- Key reporting standards include:
- GxP: Good Practices in clinical data management and clinical practice.
- CONSORT: Standards for trial reporting.
- CDISC ADAM: Details derived variables.
- STROBE: Guidelines for observational studies.
- RECORD: Evolution focused on routinely collected observational data.
Learning Health System (LHS)
- LHS defined as a system where science, informatics, and culture converge to generate knowledge seamlessly during care processes, driving improvements in health.
- Strives to make the most of collected data, mitigating persistent clinical research issues, such as participant identification hurdles and the high cost of case report forms (CRFs).
- Key characteristics of an LHS include:
- Regular aggregation of data from diverse sources.
- Transforming data into actionable knowledge.
- Continuous improvement through ongoing assessments.
Macro View and Engagement in LHS
- Stakeholders include patients, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, technology industries, governments, and academic institutions.
- Interaction across stakeholders ensures ongoing recruitment, governance, data analysis, and dissemination of findings.
Formation of Learning Communities
- Essential processes involve interpreting results, analyzing data, tailoring messages for decision-makers, and fostering actionable outcomes that lead to community learning.
Precision Medicine
- Integrates patient-specific factors, such as genotypes and clinical history, to develop and recommend individualized treatment strategies.
Summary
- Big Data plays a vital role in enhancing healthcare treatment and outcomes, necessitating an awareness of underlying data biases.
- Emphasis on responsible scientific practice and reproducibility is paramount in health research.
- The vision of creating Learning Health Systems represents a transformative approach to advancing healthcare practices and research methodology.
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Description
This quiz explores critical concepts in Big Data as presented by Professor Vasa Ćurčin. It covers classification systems, nomenclature, and the relationship between terms within the context of informatics. Engage with the material and assess your understanding of these essential topics.