Podcast
Questions and Answers
In what year was the first commercial scale oil palm plantation in Malaysia established?
In what year was the first commercial scale oil palm plantation in Malaysia established?
What was the initial purpose of planting oil palms in Malaysia?
What was the initial purpose of planting oil palms in Malaysia?
How long does it take for oil palms to bear fruit after planting?
How long does it take for oil palms to bear fruit after planting?
What is the primary product produced by smallholders from rubber processing?
What is the primary product produced by smallholders from rubber processing?
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What is the average oil extraction rate (OER) of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from oil palms in Malaysia?
What is the average oil extraction rate (OER) of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from oil palms in Malaysia?
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What is the main advantage of using better coconut varieties developed by MARDI?
What is the main advantage of using better coconut varieties developed by MARDI?
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Which region accounts for the largest percentage of oil palm plantation area in Malaysia as of 2022?
Which region accounts for the largest percentage of oil palm plantation area in Malaysia as of 2022?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Malayan Tall coconut variety?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Malayan Tall coconut variety?
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What is considered the primary economic benefit of oil palm cultivation for Malaysia?
What is considered the primary economic benefit of oil palm cultivation for Malaysia?
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What is the approximate yield of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) per hectare per year for oil palms in Malaysia?
What is the approximate yield of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) per hectare per year for oil palms in Malaysia?
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What is the estimated land area planted with coconut in West Malaysia?
What is the estimated land area planted with coconut in West Malaysia?
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Why is oil palm referred to as the 'Golden Crop' of Malaysia?
Why is oil palm referred to as the 'Golden Crop' of Malaysia?
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What is the main usage of coconut crops in the industry today?
What is the main usage of coconut crops in the industry today?
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What proportion of coconut areas is managed by smallholders in West Malaysia?
What proportion of coconut areas is managed by smallholders in West Malaysia?
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What is a common product that smallholders sell which is considered inferior?
What is a common product that smallholders sell which is considered inferior?
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Which of the following coconut varieties is NOT developed by MARDI?
Which of the following coconut varieties is NOT developed by MARDI?
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What is the primary reason for re-planting biennial crops?
What is the primary reason for re-planting biennial crops?
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Which of the following crops is considered a perennial crop?
Which of the following crops is considered a perennial crop?
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What range of years defines the life cycle of perennial crops?
What range of years defines the life cycle of perennial crops?
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Which of the following statements about annual food crops is true?
Which of the following statements about annual food crops is true?
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Which of the following crops is NOT classified as a biennial crop?
Which of the following crops is NOT classified as a biennial crop?
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Which of the following is an example of a biennial crop with a life cycle of 9 to 16 months?
Which of the following is an example of a biennial crop with a life cycle of 9 to 16 months?
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Why are perennial crop yields likely to decline after 25-30 years?
Why are perennial crop yields likely to decline after 25-30 years?
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Which of the following is true regarding annual and perennial crops?
Which of the following is true regarding annual and perennial crops?
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Which of the following describes olericulture?
Which of the following describes olericulture?
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What is the primary focus of pomology?
What is the primary focus of pomology?
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Which crop is primarily associated with viticulture?
Which crop is primarily associated with viticulture?
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Which of the following is not considered a horticultural crop?
Which of the following is not considered a horticultural crop?
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Which of the following practices does NOT fall under horticulture?
Which of the following practices does NOT fall under horticulture?
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In horticulture, which category focuses specifically on ornamental and aesthetic plant cultivation?
In horticulture, which category focuses specifically on ornamental and aesthetic plant cultivation?
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Which of the following plants is primarily propagated through cutting methods?
Which of the following plants is primarily propagated through cutting methods?
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What defines horticulture as a practice?
What defines horticulture as a practice?
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Which of the following is the correct order for the durian plant classification?
Which of the following is the correct order for the durian plant classification?
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In botanical classification, which term refers to the lowest rank that includes individuals that can breed among themselves?
In botanical classification, which term refers to the lowest rank that includes individuals that can breed among themselves?
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What is the genus name for the cempedak plant?
What is the genus name for the cempedak plant?
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Which classification level comes immediately after the family in the botanical classification hierarchy?
Which classification level comes immediately after the family in the botanical classification hierarchy?
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When naming plant species in academic writings, which of the following is required?
When naming plant species in academic writings, which of the following is required?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a group in botanical classification?
Which of the following is NOT considered a group in botanical classification?
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Identify the family name for the durian plant.
Identify the family name for the durian plant.
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Which of the following is true regarding clones or cultivars in plant classification?
Which of the following is true regarding clones or cultivars in plant classification?
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Study Notes
Crop Classification and Life Cycles
- Annual Crops: Grow and yield in one year; include paddy, maize, tapioca, and sweet potatoes.
- Biennial Crops: Require more than one growing season; examples include cassava, sugarcane, pineapples, and bananas.
- Perennial Crops: Last for more than two years; typically replanted after 25-30 years due to declining yields. Examples are durian, mangosteen, and oil palm.
Oil Palm Industry
- Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was introduced to Malaysia in 1871 for ornamental use, transitioning to commercial planting in 1917.
- Malaysia is the second-largest producer of palm oil globally, after Indonesia.
- As of 2022, oil palm plantation area decreased to 5.67 million hectares, with a fresh fruit bunch yield of approximately 20 metric tons per hectare per year.
- Oil extraction rate averages about 20% of fresh fruit bunch yield, equating to 4 metric tons of crude palm oil per hectare annually.
Rubber Production
- Rubber processing by smallholders often yields Ribbed Smoke Sheets (RSS) and Air-Dried Sheets (ADS).
- The Ribbed Rubber Mangle is used for producing thin rubber sheets, while the smoke house gives them a golden color.
Coconut Cultivation
- Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is the fourth most important crop in West Malaysia and the tenth largest producer worldwide.
- Land area planted with coconut is over 200,000 hectares, primarily managed by smallholders, many of which have palms older than 40 years.
- The industry focuses on producing coconut oil, fresh coconut milk, and other related products.
Botanical Classification
- Crops are categorized based on botanical characteristics into Orders, Groups, Families, and Species.
- Example for durian: Durio zibethinus var. D24 (Order: Angiosperm, Group: Dicotyledon).
- Importance of providing both common and botanical names in scientific communication.
Horticulture
- Horticulture involves cultivating plants for consumption and ornamental purposes, encompassing a wide variety of plants beyond food.
- Types of horticulture:
- Olericulture: Growing vegetables and grain crops for food.
- Pomology: Studying fruit and nut crops, such as apples and cashews.
- Viticulture: Cultivating grapes primarily for winemaking.
- Floriculture: Focus on flower cultivation for aesthetic purposes.
Crop Varieties and Clones
- Importance of selecting improved varieties for better yield, such as Malayan Yellow Dwarf and Malayan Red Dwarf for coconuts.
- Notable clones from live cells for crops include:
- Durian: D24, Blackthorn
- Papaya: Eksotika, Sekaki
- Pineapple: MD2, M36
Key Takeaways
- Crop life cycles vary distinctly among annual, biennial, and perennial categories.
- Malaysia's agriculture heavily revolves around oil palm, rubber, and coconut, contributing significantly to its economy.
- Botanical classification is crucial for scientific accuracy and communication regarding plant species.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of biennial crops in this quiz. Learn about various crops like cassava, sugarcane, and pineapples, and examine their life cycles and time frames for growth. Test your knowledge on the re-planting process and the importance of crop cycles.
