Greek Letter Quiz: Master the Biblical Alphabet

The Biblical Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters.
Used for writing the Greek language, particularly during the Hellenistic and early Christian periods.

Α, α (Alpha) - Pronounced like "a" in "father"
Β, β (Beta) - Pronounced like "b" in "bat"
Γ, γ (Gamma) - Pronounced like "g" in "go" (before back vowels); "y" in "yes" (before front vowels)
Δ, δ (Delta) - Pronounced like "d" in "dog"
Ε, ε (Epsilon) - Pronounced like "e" in "met"
Ζ, ζ (Zeta) - Pronounced like "z" in "zebra"; sometimes like "sd" or "zd"
Η, η (Eta) - Pronounced like "ay" in "say" (long vowel)
Θ, θ (Theta) - Pronounced like "th" in "think"
Ι, ι (Iota) - Pronounced like "i" in "machine" (long vowel); "i" in "bit" (short vowel)
Κ, κ (Kappa) - Pronounced like "k" in "kite"
Λ, λ (Lambda) - Pronounced like "l" in "love"
Μ, μ (Mu) - Pronounced like "m" in "man"
Ν, ν (Nu) - Pronounced like "n" in "no"
Ξ, ξ (Xi) - Pronounced like "x" in "box"
Ο, ο (Omicron) - Pronounced like "o" in "not"
Π, π (Pi) - Pronounced like "p" in "pet"
Ρ, ρ (Rho) - Pronounced like "r" (trilled)
Σ, σ/ς (Sigma) - Pronounced like "s" in "see"; "ς" is used at the end of words
Τ, τ (Tau) - Pronounced like "t" in "top"
Υ, υ (Upsilon) - Pronounced like "u" in "French tu" (similar to "y" in "my")
Φ, φ (Phi) - Pronounced like "ph" in "photo"
Χ, χ (Chi) - Pronounced like "ch" in "Bach" (fricative sound)
Ψ, ψ (Psi) - Pronounced like "ps" in "lapse"
Ω, ω (Omega) - Pronounced like "o" in "code" (long vowel)

Vowel length can influence meaning; long vowels are typically marked with accents.
Diphthongs (combinations of vowels) may change pronunciation:
- αι - pronounced like "ai" in "fine"
- ει - pronounced like "ey" in "they"
- οι - pronounced like "oy" in "boy"
Accents (acute, grave, circumflex) affect stress but not pronunciation.

The modern Greek pronunciation differs from ancient pronunciation, which is important for reading Biblical texts.
Understanding the pronunciation is crucial for proper recitation and comprehension of Biblical Greek writings.

The Biblical Greek alphabet comprises 24 letters, essential for writing the Greek language during the Hellenistic and early Christian eras.

Α, α (Alpha) - Sounds like "a" in "father."
Β, β (Beta) - Sounds like "b" in "bat."
Γ, γ (Gamma) - Sounds like "g" in "go" before back vowels; "y" in "yes" before front vowels.
Δ, δ (Delta) - Sounds like "d" in "dog."
Ε, ε (Epsilon) - Sounds like "e" in "met."
Ζ, ζ (Zeta) - Sounds like "z" in "zebra"; can sound like "sd" or "zd."
Η, η (Eta) - Sounds like "ay" in "say," indicating a long vowel.
Θ, θ (Theta) - Sounds like "th" in "think."
Ι, ι (Iota) - Sounds like "i" in "machine" (long vowel) and "i" in "bit" (short vowel).
Κ, κ (Kappa) - Sounds like "k" in "kite."
Λ, λ (Lambda) - Sounds like "l" in "love."
Μ, μ (Mu) - Sounds like "m" in "man."
Ν, ν (Nu) - Sounds like "n" in "no."
Ξ, ξ (Xi) - Sounds like "x" in "box."
Ο, ο (Omicron) - Sounds like "o" in "not."
Π, π (Pi) - Sounds like "p" in "pet."
Ρ, ρ (Rho) - Sounds like a trilled "r."
Σ, σ/ς (Sigma) - Sounds like "s" in "see"; "ς" is the final form used at the end of words.
Τ, τ (Tau) - Sounds like "t" in "top."
Υ, υ (Upsilon) - Sounds like "u" in French pronoun "tu," akin to "y" in "my."
Φ, φ (Phi) - Sounds like "ph" in "photo."
Χ, χ (Chi) - Sounds like "ch" in "Bach," representing a fricative sound.
Ψ, ψ (Psi) - Sounds like "ps" in "lapse."
Ω, ω (Omega) - Sounds like "o" in "code," representing a long vowel.

Long vowels can change meaning and are marked with accents.
Diphthongs influence pronunciation:
- αι - Pronounced like "ai" in "fine."
- ει - Pronounced like "ey" in "they."
- οι - Pronounced like "oy" in "boy."
Accents (acute, grave, circumflex) indicate stress but do not alter pronunciation.

Modern Greek pronunciation differs from ancient Greek, significant for reading Biblical texts.
Proper pronunciation is crucial for effective recitation and understanding of Biblical Greek writings.

The Biblical Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, utilized in the New Testament and early Christian writings.
Each letter has an uppercase and lowercase form.

Alpha (Α, α) - Pronounced as "a" in "father."
Beta (Β, β) - Pronounced as "b" in "bat."
Gamma (Γ, γ) - Pronounced as "g" in "go," or "y" before certain letters.
Delta (Δ, δ) - Corresponds to "d" as in "dog."
Epsilon (Ε, ε) - Represents "e" as in "met."
Zeta (Ζ, ζ) - Pronounced like "z" in "maze."
Eta (Η, η) - Sounds like "ē" in "they."
Theta (Θ, θ) - Represents "th" as in "think."
Iota (Ι, ι) - Similar to "i" as in "machine."
Kappa (Κ, κ) - Corresponds to "k" as in "kite."
Lambda (Λ, λ) - Pronounced as "l" in "lamp."
Mu (Μ, μ) - Stands for "m" as in "man."
Nu (Ν, ν) - Represents "n" as in "no."
Xi (Ξ, ξ) - Sounds like "x" in "box."
Omicron (Ο, ο) - Pronounced as "o" in "hot."
Pi (Π, π) - Corresponds to "p" as in "pat."
Rho (Ρ, ρ) - Represents "r" as in "row."
Sigma (Σ, σ/ς) - Pronounced "s" as in "see," with a special final form (ς) used at the end of words.
Tau (Τ, τ) - Corresponds to "t" as in "top."
Upsilon (Υ, υ) - Sounds like "u" as in "rule."
Phi (Φ, φ) - Represents "ph" as in "photo."
Chi (Χ, χ) - Pronounced "ch" similar to "Bach" or "loch."
Psi (Ψ, ψ) - Sounds like "ps" in "lapse."
Omega (Ω, ω) - Corresponds to "ō" as in "tome."

Breathings:
- Smooth breathing (᾿) shows no "h" sound.
- Rough breathing (῾) indicates an "h" sound.
Accents:
- Acute (´) suggests a rising pitch.
- Grave (`) suggests a falling pitch.
- Circumflex (ˆ) represents a combination of rising and falling pitch.

Mastery of the alphabet is fundamental for reading and interpreting biblical texts.
Learning the alphabet serves as a foundational step in studying Biblical Greek grammar and vocabulary.

The Biblical Greek alphabet has historical connections to the Phoenician script.
It has influenced the development of modern alphabets, including Latin and Cyrillic.