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Questions and Answers
What are the four types of biomolecules?
What are the four types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
Which category does glucose belong to?
Which category does glucose belong to?
What is the primary source of energy for most organisms?
What is the primary source of energy for most organisms?
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What process forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
What process forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
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What is the storage form of glucose in plants?
What is the storage form of glucose in plants?
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Identify one function of carbohydrates in animals.
Identify one function of carbohydrates in animals.
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Which of the following is not a type of carbohydrate?
Which of the following is not a type of carbohydrate?
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What term is used for the simplest form of carbohydrates?
What term is used for the simplest form of carbohydrates?
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What are the building blocks of polymers?
What are the building blocks of polymers?
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Study Notes
Intermolecular Forces and Polarity of Compounds
- Water (H2O): Polar molecule with strong hydrogen bonding as the intermolecular force.
- Ammonia (NH3): Polar molecule also exhibiting hydrogen bonding.
- Carbon Monoxide (CO): Polar molecule with dipole-dipole interactions as its primary intermolecular force.
Biomolecules in Living Organisms
- Biomolecules: Include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; essential components of living organisms.
- Macromolecule Structure: Structures of biomolecules determine their properties and functions.
- Importance: Understanding biomolecules is crucial for explaining biological processes and functions.
Types of Biological Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates: Composed of carbon and water, serving as a primary energy source.
- Lipids: Function primarily in energy storage and as structural components of cell membranes.
- Nucleic Acids: Include DNA and RNA, responsible for genetic information storage and transfer.
- Proteins: Made of amino acids, fundamental for various cellular functions.
Carbohydrates Overview
- General Formula: (CH2O)n, indicating the presence of carbon and water molecules.
- Sources: Produced by plants via photosynthesis; primary energy providers for organisms.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Simplest carbohydrates with the formula C6H12O6; classified as hexose, pentose, or triose based on carbon count.
- Disaccharides: Double sugars composed of two monosaccharides, formed through dehydration synthesis, with the formula C12H22O11.
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Polysaccharides: Large carbohydrate molecules composed of many monosaccharide units including:
- Starch: Glucose storage in plants.
- Glycogen: Glucose storage in animals, primarily in the liver and muscles.
- Cellulose: Structural component of plant cell walls, indigestible by humans.
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Energy Source: Provide immediate energy and are broken down through cellular respiration to produce ATP.
- Biosynthesis Intermediates: Help synthesize fats and proteins.
- Nerve Tissue Regulation: Serve as energy sources for the brain and aid in nerve function.
- Structural Components: Contribute to cell wall integrity in plants and are key constituents of connective tissues in animals.
- Association with Other Biomolecules: Form surface antigens, receptor molecules, vitamins, and antibiotics when linked with lipids and proteins.
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