Bhartendu Yuga: Hindi Literature Era

Bhartendu Yuga (1868-1900)

Introduction

• Marked the beginning of modern Hindi prose
• Named after Bharatendu Harishchandra, a prominent writer of this era

Key Features

• Transition from Sanskrit to Hindi: Shift from Sanskrit to Hindi as the language of literature
• Influence of Western Education: Exposure to Western education and literature led to the development of new literary styles and themes
• National Awakening: Hindi literature became a tool for national awakening and social reform

Notable Writers

• Bharatendu Harishchandra: Known as the "Father of Hindi Literature" for his contributions to the development of Hindi prose
• Babu Bal Mukund Gupta: Wrote essays and articles on social and political issues
• Pratap Narain Mishra: Focused on themes of social reform and national awakening

Literary Works

• Bharatendu Harishchandra's Essays: Essays on social and cultural issues, such as education, women's empowerment, and national unity
• Babu Bal Mukund Gupta's "Bharat Durdasha": A collection of essays on social and political issues
• Pratap Narain Mishra's "Bharat Bodh": A collection of essays on social and cultural issues

Impact

• Laid the foundation for modern Hindi literature: Paved the way for the development of Hindi prose and poetry
• Influenced subsequent literary movements: Inspired later literary movements, such as the Dwivedi Yuga and the Chhayavad Yuga

Bhartendu Yuga (1868-1900)

Introduction

• Bhartendu Yuga ke suruwaat 1868 se 1900 tak thi
• Is Yug ke naam Bharatendu Harishchandra ke naam se rakha gaya, woh ek prominent writer thi is Yug me

Mukhya Visheshta

• Sanskrit se Hindi ki Taraf: Sanskrit ki jagah Hindi literature ki bhasha bani
• Pashchimi Shiksha ka Asar: Pashchimi shiksha aur literature se naye sahityik shaili aur vishayon ka vikas hua
• Rashtriya Jagaran: Hindi literature ne rashtriya jagaran aur samajik sudhar ki awaaz uthai

Prasiddh Lekhak

• Bharatendu Harishchandra: "Hindi Sahitya ka Pitaji" ke naam se jaana jata hai, woh Hindi prose ki sthapna ke liye prasiddh the
• Babu Bal Mukund Gupta: Samajik aur rajnitik vishayon par lekhaniband likhe
• Pratap Narain Mishra: Samajik sudhar aur rashtriya jagaran ke vishayon par lekhaniband likhe

Sahityik Rachen

• Bharatendu Harishchandra ki Lekhaniband: Shiksha, mahila sangathan, aur rashtriya ekta ke vishayon par lekhaniband
• Babu Bal Mukund Gupta ki "Bharat Durdasha": Samajik aur rajnitik vishayon par lekhaniband ka sangrah
• Pratap Narain Mishra ki "Bharat Bodh": Samajik aur sanskritik vishayon par lekhaniband ka sangrah

Asar

• Aadhaar sthapit kiya modern Hindi literature ke liye
• Aane wale sahityik andolanon par asar: Dwivedi Yuga aur Chhayavad Yuga jaise sahityik andolanon ko prerna mili