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महात्मा गांधी ने कौन से देश में भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन को प्रेरित किया?
महात्मा गांधी ने कौन से देश में भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन को प्रेरित किया?
सुभाष चंद्र बोस ने किस पक्ष के साथ लड़ने के लिए 'भारतीय राष्ट्रीय सेना' की स्थापना की थी?
सुभाष चंद्र बोस ने किस पक्ष के साथ लड़ने के लिए 'भारतीय राष्ट्रीय सेना' की स्थापना की थी?
'कैबिनेट मिशन प्लान' के सुझावों में से कौन-सा परिणाम हुआ?
'कैबिनेट मिशन प्लान' के सुझावों में से कौन-सा परिणाम हुआ?
'नॉन-को-ऑपरेशन मूवमेंट', 'सिविल असहमति मूवमेंट', 'क्विट इंडिया मूवमेंट' - उपरोक्त मूल्यांकन में से कौन-सा महत्वपूर्ण मोमेंट है?
'नॉन-को-ऑपरेशन मूवमेंट', 'सिविल असहमति मूवमेंट', 'क्विट इंडिया मूवमेंट' - उपरोक्त मूल्यांकन में से कौन-सा महत्वपूर्ण मोमेंट है?
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'महात्मा गांधी' की प्रमुख संप्रेषकता क्या है?
'महात्मा गांधी' की प्रमुख संप्रेषकता क्या है?
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- 19 1947 ?
- 19 1947 ?
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'Aligarh Muslim University' ?
'Aligarh Muslim University' ?
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Study Notes
Indian Modern History: The Indian Independence Movement
The Indian independence movement refers to the various efforts of indigenous groups, political figures and organisations, and foreign powers during the colonial era to bring about the end of British rule over India. There were several key events and leaders involved in this struggle for independence, which spanned from the mid-19th century until August 15, 1947, when India gained its freedom after centuries of foreign domination.
Precursors to the Struggle
The Factors Leading to Nationalism
India's nationalist movements began partly due to the influence of Western thought and ideas, as well as 'indirectly through encounters with European nationalists such as Irish revolutionaries who organised secret societies like the Phoenix Society'. This was coupled with the influence of the local Indian press and intellectual circles.
The First Step towards Separatism: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, a prominent Muslim figure, advocated for Indian Muslims to have their own separate identity within the larger framework of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. His Aligarh Muslim University was instrumental in providing modern education to Muslims, leading them to play a significant role in shaping the future of India.
Key Figures and Events
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, emerged as one of the most influential figures in the Indian independence movement. Born into a middle-class Hindu family in Porbandar, Gujarat, he studied law at University College London before returning to India in 1891. He became a prominent leader through his campaign against racial discrimination faced by Indians in South Africa.
In India, he adopted nonviolent civil disobedience methods inspired by Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. His leadership led to seminal moments in India's quest for independence, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement, and ultimately, the country's gaining independence.
Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose, another pivotal figure, founded the Forward Block Party and served as the president of the Congress Working Committee twice. After resigning, he formed the Indian National Army (INA) to fight alongside the Japanese against the British during World War II. While his tactics were different, his vision for India's freedom echoed that of many other leaders.
The Cabinet Mission Plan
The Cabinet Mission sent by Britain arrived in India in February 1946, with the purpose of finding a solution to the religious divide between Hindus and Muslims. They proposed three options: two independent states - one each for the majority Hindu population and the minority Muslim population; a coalition government ruled by joint elections in certain provinces; or the continuance of British rule with some reforms. Despite widespread protests, the plan was rejected by both sides due to differences over the composition of the interim government, especially in relation to Muslim representation.
Post-independence Challenges
The road to independence was fraught with numerous challenges, conflicts, and complexities. In addition to addressing these issues, the new nation had to deal with anxiety related to refugees fleeing from Pakistan, linguistic tensions, and communal violence. Nevertheless, India managed to hold on to her unity and democratic traditions, nurturing them into a sturdy system that has endured for more than six decades since our independence day on 15th August 1947.
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इस क्विज़ में भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के मुख्य किरदारों और घटनाओं पर एक नजर है। महात्मा गांधी, सुभाष चंद्र बोस, कैबिनेट मिशन प्लान, इनके बारे में जानकारी प्रस्तुत की गई है।
