Podcast
Questions and Answers
What operation is primarily used to obtain a very fine powdered medicament through friction in a mortar and pestle?
What operation is primarily used to obtain a very fine powdered medicament through friction in a mortar and pestle?
Which method involves the use of a sieve to control the finesse of the powdered substance?
Which method involves the use of a sieve to control the finesse of the powdered substance?
What is the purpose of using a Ball Mill in the attrition process?
What is the purpose of using a Ball Mill in the attrition process?
For partitioning liquids using small droplets, which equipment is best suited?
For partitioning liquids using small droplets, which equipment is best suited?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique is employed for separating solid substances that includes manually removing impurities?
What technique is employed for separating solid substances that includes manually removing impurities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method combines both attrition and impact operations for finer powder production?
Which method combines both attrition and impact operations for finer powder production?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of milling process is most suitable for substances that are oily?
What type of milling process is most suitable for substances that are oily?
Signup and view all the answers
Which operation is NOT associated with the mechanical reduction of particle size?
Which operation is NOT associated with the mechanical reduction of particle size?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method uses pressure to separate liquids from solid objects?
Which method uses pressure to separate liquids from solid objects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main principle behind decantation?
What is the main principle behind decantation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which separation method is best suited for separating blood components?
Which separation method is best suited for separating blood components?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method involves using different sizes of sieves?
Which method involves using different sizes of sieves?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique would you use to remove solid impurities from a liquid by adding chemicals?
What technique would you use to remove solid impurities from a liquid by adding chemicals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method employs floating objects to separate materials?
Which method employs floating objects to separate materials?
Signup and view all the answers
Which filtration method is used to separate bacteria from liquids?
Which filtration method is used to separate bacteria from liquids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of using centrifugation?
What is the primary purpose of using centrifugation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the partitioning process in pharmaceutical procedures?
What is the primary purpose of the partitioning process in pharmaceutical procedures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which instrument is specifically mentioned for cutting solid, hard medicaments?
Which instrument is specifically mentioned for cutting solid, hard medicaments?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of materials is the impact method used for in partitioning?
What type of materials is the impact method used for in partitioning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of mortar should not be used for impacting metallic salts?
Which type of mortar should not be used for impacting metallic salts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hammer mill primarily used for in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is a hammer mill primarily used for in the pharmaceutical industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT listed as an instrument used in the cutting operation?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an instrument used in the cutting operation?
Signup and view all the answers
What operation requires a force to reduce medicaments into smaller pieces?
What operation requires a force to reduce medicaments into smaller pieces?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the precautions to take when using a pestle and mortar made of iron?
What is one of the precautions to take when using a pestle and mortar made of iron?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Physical Pharmaceutical Procedures
- Physical pharmaceutical procedures are a group of primary operations
- Pharmacists use these procedures to prepare pharmaceutical dosage forms in their final shape
- This ensures the patient can easily use the form to obtain the desired therapeutic effect
- Procedures are classified into mechanical and physical processes
Mechanical Pharmaceutical Processes
- Mechanical processes involve partitioning and separation (isolation)
- Partitioning: A preliminary process to decrease the size of pharmaceutical dosage form particles
- Separation (isolation): Separating particles based on size (cutting) without any intervention
Physical Pharmaceutical Processes
- Plain physical process: A basic physical process
- Processes needing cooling or heating: Physical processes requiring temperature change
- Processes needing solvents: Physical processes needing solvents
Detailed Demonstration of Classification
-
Mechanical Pharmaceutical Processes
- Partitioning: An essential process for preparing pharmaceutical dosage forms; it aims to decrease particle size
-
Physical Pharmaceutical Process
- Cutting: Cutting substances into smaller pieces using sharp instruments (e.g., laboratory scissors, hand cutters, scissors with parallel blades)
- Impact: This method is used in partitioning hard and dried objects, yielding a finer product (e.g., gum)
- Using hammers: Can be used for dried leaves for operation in a closed container
- Pestle and mortar: Often made of iron, porcelain, or wood; used for substances needing grinding or mixing; oxidizing metallic salts should not be impacted in this mortar
- Hammer mill: A strong, fast production method used in the pharmaceutical industry
- Mortar with hanging pestle: Used for continuous operational impact
Attrition
- Levigation: Direct attrition using a hard, non-slip mortar and pestle; the procedure should occur on the mortar sides, followed by sifting for a fine powder; materials such as lead oxide or digitalis leaves can be used.
- Crushing: Uses mechanical or hand-operated mills for oil-containing substances like aniseed or coffee; used to break up materials
- Trituration: Mortar and pestle are suitable for soft, fatty substances
- Combined Attrition and Impact: Ball mills or fluid energy mills combine attrition and impact operations
Partitioning Liquids and Viscous Materials
- Homogenizers: Used to distribute liquids as very small droplets (e.g., emulsifying agents)
- Kneading machines: Used for viscous materials
Second: Separation
-
Solid Separation:
- Manually: Separating substances by hand; e.g., plant leaves from flowers, pebbles from lentils
- By water: Light objects float, some dissolve and precipitate; e.g., separating almonds using water
- By air: Removing light objects through exposure; sieving can separate different-sized objects
- Other separations: e.g., separating liquids from other liquids using decantation
Filtration
- Different filtration methods: Using funnels, papers, cloths, and various types of filters (Buchner funnels, sintered glass filters, Millipore filters). Filtration is used in the preparation of cheese, syrups, extracts, and separating bacteria from liquids (drug industry applications)
Clarification
- Technique involving isolating solids from liquids by adding chemical substances (like kaolin, talc, silica gel) to attract impurities leading to easy filtration
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
