Berlin Conference Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is colonialism?

The policy or practice of a country installing a settlement of its people on foreign land, usually establishing political control for economic benefits.

What is imperialism?

The policy or action by which one country forcefully gains and keeps control of another country or territory, often for economic and political control.

What is a missionary?

A member of a religious group sent to perform ministry and spread their religion, often providing services such as education and healthcare.

What is social Darwinism?

<p>The theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals, with the strong growing in power and the weak diminishing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nationalism?

<p>Aggressive patriotism, which can lead to a sense of superiority over other countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sphere of influence?

<p>A country or area that has the power to influence or affect another country without actually having control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are raw materials?

<p>The basic needs to make a product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a protectorate?

<p>A country that is controlled or protected by another country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is effective occupation?

<p>The ability to acquire land and prove the ability to hold that land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balance of power?

<p>The equal distribution of power in a situation, where too little or too much power can lead to injustice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'the Other'?

<p>Coming into contact with anyone different from oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Berlin Conference?

<p>A method of dividing the continent of Africa between the European Powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Berlin Conference held?

<p>1884-1885</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Berlin Conference held?

<p>Berlin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Berlin Conference held?

<p>To reduce conflict between European Nations and discard the slave trade, but ultimately to divide up Africa among the European Nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Berlin Conference an example of colonialism?

<p>Europe established political control of territories in Africa, a foreign land, for economic benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brought Europe to Africa?

<p>Europe discovered expensive resources in South Africa and wanted to control the means of production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did European Nations claim Africa?

<p>Any European country could claim any African country by telling other nations it was theirs and showing they could control the area they claimed (effective occupation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the major problems with the Conference?

<p>The Conference was based on racist assumptions (Social Darwinism), done for the benefit of Europeans, and ignored language and cultural groups in Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nationalism for Europe play into the Berlin Conference?

<p>Europe thought that they were superior and perfect compared to Africa, so they wanted to help civilize the indigenous people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was nationalism of Africa affected by the Berlin Conference?

<p>Europe basically told Africa that Europeans were better than they were, so they should change to be more 'civilized' like Europeans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered 'the Other' in the Berlin Conference?

<p>The Europeans are considered 'the Other' because they believed that Africans were different and uncivilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is power distributed in the Berlin Conference?

<p>Power is distributed by whoever conquers the land first by war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts

  • Colonialism: policy or practice of a country installing a settlement of its people on foreign land, often for economic benefits.
  • Imperialism: policy or action by which one country forcefully gains and keeps control of another country or territory.
  • Social Darwinism: theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

The Berlin Conference

  • The Berlin Conference was a method of dividing the continent of Africa between the European Powers.
  • Held from 1884-1885 in Berlin.
  • Intended to reduce conflict between European Nations and discard the slave trade, but ultimately divided up Africa to the European Nations.

European Motivations

  • Europe discovered expensive resources in South Africa and wanted to control the means of production such as labor, material, trade, and land.
  • European Nations claimed African countries by telling other nations it was theirs and showing they could control the area they claimed (effective occupation).

Problems with the Conference

  • Based on racist assumptions (Social Darwinism).
  • Done for the benefit of Europeans, with no thought given to language or cultural groups in Africa when the division occurred.
  • No African leaders were invited.

Nationalism and the Berlin Conference

  • Nationalism in Europe played into the Berlin Conference, with Europeans believing they were superior and perfect compared to Africa.
  • Nationalism of Africa was affected by the Berlin Conference, with Europe telling Africa that Europeans were better and that they should change to be more "civilized" like Europeans.

Power Dynamics

  • Power was distributed by whoever conquered the land first by war.
  • The concept of "effective occupation" allowed European countries to claim land and prove their ability to hold it.

Key Terms

  • Sphere of Influence: a country or area that has power to influence or affect another country without actually having power.
  • Protectorate: a country that is controlled or protected by another.
  • Balance of Power: the equal distribution of power in a situation, which can be disrupted by too little or too much power.
  • The Other: coming into contact with anyone different from one's self, in this case, Europeans viewing Africans as "the Other".

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Flashcards on key terms related to the Berlin Conference, including colonialism and imperialism.

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