Benign Skin Lesions and Treatments
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of milia?

  • They are filled with pus.
  • They appear only on the face.
  • They are caused exclusively by hormonal changes.
  • They are small, raised, round, and pearly white/yellowish lesions. (correct)

Which factor is most associated with the development of milia in adults?

  • Changes in diet.
  • Trauma such as laser surgery or cuts on the skin. (correct)
  • Genetic predisposition.
  • Exposure to extreme temperatures.

What differentiates a sebaceous cyst from a deeper epidermal inclusion cyst?

  • Sebaceous cysts can only occur on the scalp.
  • Sebaceous cysts have a yellow lipid color visible from the surface. (correct)
  • Sebaceous cysts are always symptomatic.
  • Epidermal inclusion cysts are caused by sun exposure.

In which scenario would no treatment be required for milia?

<p>When milia appear on an infant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sudoriferous cysts (hidrocystomas) is accurate?

<p>They are water-filled cysts typically located on lid margins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a symptomatic superficial sebaceous cyst?

<p>Incision and expression followed by antibiotic ointment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to prevent the formation of milia?

<p>Applying creamy cosmetics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of verrucae?

<p>They can appear with various forms such as flat or pedunculated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland is associated with a fluid cyst of the Gland of Moll?

<p>Apocrine sweat glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with verrucae located at the lid margin?

<p>They can lead to a viral conjunctivitis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is more commonly affected by squamous cell papilloma of the eyelid?

<p>White males aged 60-65 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is considered most appropriate for sebaceous cell carcinoma?

<p>Excision with reconstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition has a risk of progressing to squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Actinic keratosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of verrucae vulgaris?

<p>Cauliflower-like appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent feature of sebaceous cell carcinoma?

<p>High potential for metastasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT increase the risk of developing squamous cell papilloma?

<p>Lack of exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age range for patients diagnosed with the condition discussed?

<p>60-65 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is predominantly affected by the discussed condition?

<p>Females (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is noted as a red flag in the clinical appearance?

<p>Unilateral, recurrent, and resistant lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment procedure for the condition?

<p>Wide surgical excision with microscopic monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible progression in the clinical appearance of the discussed condition?

<p>Plaque-like thickening of the tarsal plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment may be considered as an adjunct to surgical excision?

<p>Proton beam radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What histological feature is characteristic of cutaneous malignant melanoma?

<p>Malignant melanocytes proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types are involved in cutaneous malignant melanoma?

<p>Spindle and epithelioid melanocytic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is extremely aggressive and often used?

<p>Mohs' micrographic surgical excision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location for the discussed condition to appear?

<p>Upper lid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of Vogt-Koyandagi-Harada Syndrome during its chronic stage?

<p>Presence of poliosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic condition is characterized by the presence of hamartomas in multiple organs?

<p>Tuberous sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of Waardenburg syndrome?

<p>Hearing loss and distinctive hair pigmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom would differentiate ocular melanosis from a related condition?

<p>Presence of pigment in the eyelids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes poliosis?

<p>Premature discoloration of lashes and eyebrows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of tumor that causes the highest number of deaths due to cutaneous cancers?

<p>Malignant melanoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most commonly associated with malignant melanoma?

<p>Males around 50 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of biopsy is specifically used to remove the whole lesion along with surrounding tissue?

<p>Excisional biopsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of non-malignant pigmented lesions, which types are mentioned?

<p>Compound and intradermal nevi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics are associated with the nodular lesion indicating it may be malignant?

<p>Pigmentation and overall appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the risk of developing malignant melanoma?

<p>Low cholesterol levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by blue or gray patches on the face due to melanocyte accumulation?

<p>Nevi of Ota (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nevi of Ota cases are classified as unilateral?

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is showing new trends for higher occurrences of malignant melanoma?

<p>Females under 50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hamartoma in the context of the nevi of Ota?

<p>A benign growth with the same histology as the organ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Milia

Small, raised, round, pearly white/yellowish cystic lesions caused by protein and keratin deposits under the skin.

Sebaceous Cyst

An inflamed sebaceous gland or hair follicle that forms a cyst. Can be superficial (yellow) or deep (no visible yellow).

Milia in Infants

Milia in infants are often congenital (present at birth) and typically disappear within weeks or months.

Sudoriferous Cyst

A water-filled cyst often found on eyelid margins.

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Milia in Adults

Adult milia may be caused by skin trauma, medications (like steroids), or oily creams.

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Sebaceous Cyst Cause-Superficial

Surface cysts happen when sebaceous glands or Zeis glands get clogged.

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Sebaceous Cyst cause-Deep (Epidermal Inclusion cyst)

Deep cyst, under skin, usually from deeper blockage in the hair follicle.

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Gland of Moll Cysts

Fluid-filled cysts originating from sweat glands in the eyelid.

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Verrucae (Warts)

Skin growths often caused by viruses, appearing in various shapes (flat, cauliflower-like, etc.).

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Verrucae Vulgaris

A type of wart characterized by a raised cauliflower-like appearance.

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Squamous Cell Papilloma

Common eyelid benign tumor, usually affecting older white males.

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Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma

Aggressive eyelid cancer arising from oil glands.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (in eyelid)

Cancer arising from squamous cells, with potential to metastasize.

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Actinic keratosis

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma; characterized by red/scaly plaques.

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Cryosurgery

Treatment of skin lesions using extreme cold.

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Mohs Surgery

Surgical technique to remove skin cancer with precise margins.

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Uveal Melanoma

A type of cancer that affects the uvea (middle layer of the eye). It is the most common type of eye cancer in adults. It can also spread to other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs, and bones.

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Ocular Melanosis

A condition that causes increased pigmentation in the sclera (white part of the eye), iris (colored part of the eye), and episclera (outer layer of the sclera). It is not cancerous, but it can increase the risk of developing uveal melanoma.

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Vogt-Koyandagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH)

A rare autoimmune disorder that affects the eyes, skin, and sometimes the nervous system. It can cause uveitis (inflammation of the uvea), alopecia (hair loss), poliosis (premature graying of hair), and vitiligo (loss of skin pigmentation).

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Tuberous Sclerosis

A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in the brain, skin, heart, and kidneys. It can cause a variety of symptoms, including seizures, learning disabilities, and skin abnormalities.

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Waardenburg Syndrome

A group of genetic disorders that affect hearing, pigmentation, and facial features. It is characterized by hearing loss, distinctive hair coloring, and changes in eye color.

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Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma - Presentation

Typically affects women over 60 and appears as a painless, firm, nodule resembling a chalazion. It may be recurrent after excision.

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Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma - Red Flags

Unilateral, recurrent, and resistant to treatment. It may also develop into a plaque-like thickening of the lid margin.

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Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma - Treatment

Wide surgical excision with microscopic monitoring of the margins is preferred. Mohs micrographic surgery or radiation therapy may be used.

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Malignant Melanoma

A type of skin cancer with invasive proliferation of malignant melanocytes.

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Malignant Melanoma - Cell Types

Involves spindle melanocytic cells and epithelioid melanocytic cells.

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Malignant Melanoma - Nodular vs. ...

The term is incomplete, indicating that there are different types of melanoma, such as nodular melanoma.

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Proton Beam Radiation

A type of radiation therapy that uses high-energy protons to target and destroy cancerous cells.

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X-ray Radiation

A form of radiation therapy that uses X-rays to damage and kill cancer cells.

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Mitomycin C

A chemotherapy drug that is sometimes used in conjunction with radiation therapy for sebaceous cell carcinoma.

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Nodular Lesion

A raised, solid growth on the skin that can be darkly pigmented, slightly pigmented, or completely lacking pigment (amelanotic).

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Nodular Lesion Appearance

The size, shape, and color of a nodular lesion are important for diagnosis and to differentiate from other skin conditions.

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Non-Malignant Nevi

Benign (harmless) pigmented moles, either compound (with both skin surface and deeper layers involved) or intradermal (only in the deeper skin layer).

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Eyelid Malignancies

Cancers that affect the eyelids, accounting for approximately 1% of all eyelid cancers.

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Risk Factors for Eyelid Melanoma

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing eyelid melanoma, including: changing moles, excessive sun exposure, sun sensitivity, family history, age (over 50), race (white), and sex (male).

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Nevus of Ota

A birthmark or acquired discoloration caused by a cluster of melanocytes in the skin and early dermis. Appears as a blue or gray patch, often on the face.

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Hamartoma

A benign growth made up of cells with the same histology as the organ it originates from. In Nevus of Ota, it involves melanocytes.

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Nevus of Ota Distribution

Usually located along the distribution of the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve, often affecting one side of the face, but can be on both sides in some cases.

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Biopsy Types

Different methods for obtaining tissue samples from a lesion for examination under a microscope: punch biopsy (removing a small circular piece), excisional biopsy (removing the entire lesion), and incisional biopsy (removing a portion of a larger lesion).

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Study Notes

Benign Lesions

  • Milia: Small, raised, round, pearly white/yellowish cystic lesions.
  • Keratin and protein deposits form milia beneath the skin's epidermis.
  • Larger than acne lesions.
  • Acne: Pores of the epidermis are clogged (not milia).
  • Associations:
    • Infants: often congenital and resolve quickly.
    • Adults: Trauma (e.g., laser surgery, cuts), medications (steroids, oily creams), or skin conditions can trigger milia.
    • Associated with systemic diseases (e.g., lupus, fragile skin disease).
  • Sun factor: Prolonged sun exposure is a possible triggering factor.
  • Treatment: Children often do not need treatment; adults may require incision with a sharp needle to remove the lesion or expression and antibiotic ointment; cryotherapy is also a less common option..
  • Prevention: Avoid factors like creamy cosmetics and excessive sun exposure.

Sebaceous Cysts

  • Sebaceous cysts: Also known as "oily" cysts.
  • Cause: Clogged sebaceous glands (or glands of Zeis) in the hair follicle.
  • Superficial cyst = clogged sebaceous glands/Zeis.
  • Deep cyst = Epidermal inclusion cyst.
  • Distinguishing characteristic: Yellow lipid color.
  • Treatment: Superficial cysts can be treated by cleaning the area with alcohol, incising the cyst surface with a needle, expressing the contents with Q-tips, and then applying antibiotic ointment.
  • Deep cysts require excision by a specialist.

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Lumps on the Lids PDF - Benign and Malignant Lesions

Description

This quiz covers benign skin lesions, focusing on milia and sebaceous cysts. Learn about their characteristics, causes, associations, and treatment options. Understand how to prevent these lesions and when intervention may be necessary.

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