Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary site of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection?
What is the primary site of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection?
- Stroma
- Skin
- Basal layer of epithelial cells (correct)
- Mucosal tissue
Which of the following HPV types is considered HIGH-risk for cancer?
Which of the following HPV types is considered HIGH-risk for cancer?
- HPV-16 ,HPV-18 (correct)
- HPV-11, HPV-6
- HPV-43, 45
- HPV-6, 19
What is the primary route of HPV transmission?
What is the primary route of HPV transmission?
- Vertical transmission from mother to child
- Airborne transmission
- Vector-borne transmission
- Direct contact with infected individuals (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of HPV-related epithelial lesions?
Which of the following is a characteristic of HPV-related epithelial lesions?
Which of the following is NOT a site of HPV infection?
Which of the following is NOT a site of HPV infection?
What is the primary goal of preventing HPV-related epithelial lesions?
What is the primary goal of preventing HPV-related epithelial lesions?
Which of the following HPV types are commonly associated with Verruca vulgaris?
Which of the following HPV types are commonly associated with Verruca vulgaris?
Which of the following HPV types is not commonly associated with sinonasal papillomas?
Which of the following HPV types is not commonly associated with sinonasal papillomas?
Which of the following HPV types is most commonly associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
Which of the following HPV types is most commonly associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
What type of benign epithelial lesion is most commonly found on the soft palate, tongue, and lips?
What type of benign epithelial lesion is most commonly found on the soft palate, tongue, and lips?
What type of epithelial lesion is characterized by a multifocal nature and is typically associated with HPV types 13, 32, 109, 199, and 1?
What type of epithelial lesion is characterized by a multifocal nature and is typically associated with HPV types 13, 32, 109, 199, and 1?
Which of the following HPV types is most likely to be involved in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
Which of the following HPV types is most likely to be involved in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
Which of the following is not a common HPV type associated with benign epithelial lesions?
Which of the following is not a common HPV type associated with benign epithelial lesions?
Which of the following is a benign epithelial lesion that can be found on the skin and is associated with HPV types 2 and 7?
Which of the following is a benign epithelial lesion that can be found on the skin and is associated with HPV types 2 and 7?
Which of the following conditions is known to be associated with cyclosporine use?
Which of the following conditions is known to be associated with cyclosporine use?
What is the most common treatment approach for Molluscum Contagiosum?
What is the most common treatment approach for Molluscum Contagiosum?
Which of these is a characteristic feature of Sebaceous Hyperplasia?
Which of these is a characteristic feature of Sebaceous Hyperplasia?
What is the name of the sign that indicates multiple seborrheic keratoses and pruritus, suggesting underlying malignancy?
What is the name of the sign that indicates multiple seborrheic keratoses and pruritus, suggesting underlying malignancy?
What are the common genetic mutations associated with Seborrheic Keratosis?
What are the common genetic mutations associated with Seborrheic Keratosis?
Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with internal malignancy?
Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with internal malignancy?
What is a potential treatment option for Seborrheic Keratosis, often performed for aesthetic reasons?
What is a potential treatment option for Seborrheic Keratosis, often performed for aesthetic reasons?
What is Sebaceous Hyperplasia commonly mistaken for clinically?
What is Sebaceous Hyperplasia commonly mistaken for clinically?
What is the characteristic color of an Ephelis?
What is the characteristic color of an Ephelis?
At what age do Ephelis typically appear?
At what age do Ephelis typically appear?
What percentage of whites develop Actinic Lentigo by the age of 70?
What percentage of whites develop Actinic Lentigo by the age of 70?
What is the treatment for Actinic Lentigo?
What is the treatment for Actinic Lentigo?
What is the characteristic of Lentigo Simplex?
What is the characteristic of Lentigo Simplex?
What is the color of Lentigo Simplex?
What is the color of Lentigo Simplex?
Is treatment necessary for Ephelis?
Is treatment necessary for Ephelis?
What is the etiology of Verruciform Xanthoma?
What is the etiology of Verruciform Xanthoma?
Which type of Sinonasal Papilloma is known for its aggressive nature and potential for malignant transformation?
Which type of Sinonasal Papilloma is known for its aggressive nature and potential for malignant transformation?
What is the primary treatment for Verruciform Xanthoma?
What is the primary treatment for Verruciform Xanthoma?
Which of the following is a potential complication associated with Inverted Sinonasal Papilloma?
Which of the following is a potential complication associated with Inverted Sinonasal Papilloma?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of epistaxis?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of epistaxis?
What is the primary difference between Verruciform Xanthoma and Sinonasal Papillomas?
What is the primary difference between Verruciform Xanthoma and Sinonasal Papillomas?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Verruciform Xanthoma?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Verruciform Xanthoma?
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Sinonasal Papillomas?
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Sinonasal Papillomas?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Understand benign epithelial lesions in the oral and head/neck regions.
- Discuss clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis.
- Categories include HPV-related lesions, papillary lesions, cutaneous lesions, and pigmented lesions.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epithelial Lesions
- HPV types are categorized into low-risk (e.g., 6, 11) and high-risk (e.g., 16, 18) for cancer.
- Infection occurs via micro-tears, targeting the basal layer of epithelium.
- Common lesions include:
- Oral Squamous Papilloma: Associated with HPV 6 and 11, typically found on the soft palate and tongue.
- Verrucae: Include Verruca Vulgaris (HPV 2), Verruca Plana (HPV 3, 10), and Palmoplantar Warts (HPV 1, 4).
Squamous Papilloma
- Primarily related to HPV types 6 and 11.
- Commonly located in the oral cavity, can mimic basal cell carcinoma.
Ephelis (Freckle)
- Small, pigmented macules usually appearing in childhood.
- Darker pigmentation may develop with sun exposure.
- Treatment is not necessary, but cosmetic removal is an option.
Actinic Lentigo
- Benign, brown macules due to sun exposure, prevalent in individuals over 70 years old.
- Abrasive therapy can be conducted for aesthetic purposes.
Lentigo Simplex
- Melanocytic hyperplasia not associated with sun exposure.
- Macules appear tan to dark brown.
Molluscum Contagiosum
- Often resolves spontaneously; monitoring is common.
- Treatments include curettage, cryotherapy, or interferon for immunosuppressed patients.
Seborrheic Keratosis
- Benign skin lesions linked to chronic sun exposure and genetic factors.
- Appears as "stuck-on" lesions, often requiring removal for cosmetic reasons.
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra
- A form of seborrheic keratosis commonly found on darker skin.
- Generally benign but can indicate underlying health issues when multiple occurrences arise.
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
- Characterized by pearly, opalescent lesions often seen in older individuals.
- Notable central depression in lesions; may be associated with conditions like Muir-Torre syndrome.
Sinonasal Papillomas
- Comprise three types: exophytic, inverted, and oncocytic.
- Inverted type can exhibit aggressive behavior with potential malignant transformation (5-15%).
Verruciform Xanthoma
- Typically arises following epithelial trauma; etiology remains unknown.
- Conservative excision is the primary treatment; recurrence is rare.
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