Benign Epithelial Pathology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection?

Stroma

Skin

Basal layer of epithelial cells (correct)

Mucosal tissue

Which of the following HPV types is considered HIGH-risk for cancer?

HPV-16 ,HPV-18 (correct)

HPV-11, HPV-6

HPV-43, 45

HPV-6, 19

What is the primary route of HPV transmission?

Vertical transmission from mother to child

Airborne transmission

Vector-borne transmission

Direct contact with infected individuals (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of HPV-related epithelial lesions?

Koilocytic changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a site of HPV infection?

Lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of preventing HPV-related epithelial lesions?

Reducing the risk of cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following HPV types are commonly associated with Verruca vulgaris?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following HPV types is not commonly associated with sinonasal papillomas?

32 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following HPV types is most commonly associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

16, 18 Signup and view all the answers

What type of benign epithelial lesion is most commonly found on the soft palate, tongue, and lips?

Squamous Papilloma Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial lesion is characterized by a multifocal nature and is typically associated with HPV types 13, 32, 109, 199, and 1?

Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following HPV types is most likely to be involved in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

16 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common HPV type associated with benign epithelial lesions?

16 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign epithelial lesion that can be found on the skin and is associated with HPV types 2 and 7?

Butcher’s wart Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is known to be associated with cyclosporine use?

Sebaceous Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common treatment approach for Molluscum Contagiosum?

Monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic feature of Sebaceous Hyperplasia?

Pearly opalescent presentation with central depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sign that indicates multiple seborrheic keratoses and pruritus, suggesting underlying malignancy?

Leser-Trélat Sign Signup and view all the answers

What are the common genetic mutations associated with Seborrheic Keratosis?

FGFR3 and PIK3CA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with internal malignancy?

Seborrheic Keratosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential treatment option for Seborrheic Keratosis, often performed for aesthetic reasons?

Cryotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is Sebaceous Hyperplasia commonly mistaken for clinically?

Basal Cell Carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic color of an Ephelis?

Light brown Signup and view all the answers

At what age do Ephelis typically appear?

1st decade Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of whites develop Actinic Lentigo by the age of 70?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Actinic Lentigo?

Ablative therapy for aesthetic reasons Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Lentigo Simplex?

Non-sun-exposed skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of Lentigo Simplex?

Tan to dark brown Signup and view all the answers

Is treatment necessary for Ephelis?

No, but removal for cosmetic reasons is an option Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of Verruciform Xanthoma?

Unknown, possibly a reaction to epithelial trauma or damage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Sinonasal Papilloma is known for its aggressive nature and potential for malignant transformation?

Inverted Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Verruciform Xanthoma?

Conservative excision Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with Inverted Sinonasal Papilloma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of epistaxis?

Verruciform Xanthoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Verruciform Xanthoma and Sinonasal Papillomas?

Verruciform Xanthoma is always benign, while Sinonasal Papillomas can be malignant. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Verruciform Xanthoma?

Benign nature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Sinonasal Papillomas?

They are frequently caused by HPV. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Understand benign epithelial lesions in the oral and head/neck regions.
Discuss clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis.
Categories include HPV-related lesions, papillary lesions, cutaneous lesions, and pigmented lesions.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epithelial Lesions

HPV types are categorized into low-risk (e.g., 6, 11) and high-risk (e.g., 16, 18) for cancer.
Infection occurs via micro-tears, targeting the basal layer of epithelium.
Common lesions include:
- Oral Squamous Papilloma: Associated with HPV 6 and 11, typically found on the soft palate and tongue.
- Verrucae: Include Verruca Vulgaris (HPV 2), Verruca Plana (HPV 3, 10), and Palmoplantar Warts (HPV 1, 4).

Squamous Papilloma

Primarily related to HPV types 6 and 11.
Commonly located in the oral cavity, can mimic basal cell carcinoma.

Ephelis (Freckle)

Small, pigmented macules usually appearing in childhood.
Darker pigmentation may develop with sun exposure.
Treatment is not necessary, but cosmetic removal is an option.

Actinic Lentigo

Benign, brown macules due to sun exposure, prevalent in individuals over 70 years old.
Abrasive therapy can be conducted for aesthetic purposes.

Lentigo Simplex

Melanocytic hyperplasia not associated with sun exposure.
Macules appear tan to dark brown.

Molluscum Contagiosum

Often resolves spontaneously; monitoring is common.
Treatments include curettage, cryotherapy, or interferon for immunosuppressed patients.

Seborrheic Keratosis

Benign skin lesions linked to chronic sun exposure and genetic factors.
Appears as "stuck-on" lesions, often requiring removal for cosmetic reasons.

Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra

A form of seborrheic keratosis commonly found on darker skin.
Generally benign but can indicate underlying health issues when multiple occurrences arise.

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

Characterized by pearly, opalescent lesions often seen in older individuals.
Notable central depression in lesions; may be associated with conditions like Muir-Torre syndrome.

Sinonasal Papillomas

Comprise three types: exophytic, inverted, and oncocytic.
Inverted type can exhibit aggressive behavior with potential malignant transformation (5-15%).

Verruciform Xanthoma

Typically arises following epithelial trauma; etiology remains unknown.
Conservative excision is the primary treatment; recurrence is rare.

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