Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between conversation and public speaking?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between conversation and public speaking?
- Conversation is more structured and requires more preparation than public speaking.
- Public speaking expands upon and formalizes conversational skills developed over a lifetime. (correct)
- Conversation and public speaking are unrelated forms of communication.
- Public speaking requires a completely different skill set than everyday conversation.
A speaker notices some audience members looking confused. What is the MOST appropriate response, based upon the principles outlined?
A speaker notices some audience members looking confused. What is the MOST appropriate response, based upon the principles outlined?
- Publicly acknowledge their confusion and become defensive.
- Quickly finish the speech to avoid further confusing the audience.
- Ignore their confusion and continue with the prepared speech.
- Adjust the message by providing examples, rephrasing, or offering supporting evidence. (correct)
According to the information, what is the earliest stage in life when humans begin developing skills relevant to public speaking?
According to the information, what is the earliest stage in life when humans begin developing skills relevant to public speaking?
- Adolescence, when formal education begins.
- Early childhood, through interactions with peers.
- Adulthood, when professional communication becomes necessary.
- Infancy, with the development of language. (correct)
What role does public speaking play in a democratic society?
What role does public speaking play in a democratic society?
What distinguishes public speaking from everyday conversation?
What distinguishes public speaking from everyday conversation?
Which of the following is NOT typically a direct personal benefit gained from a public speaking course?
Which of the following is NOT typically a direct personal benefit gained from a public speaking course?
According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), what skill is most sought after by corporate recruiters?
According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), what skill is most sought after by corporate recruiters?
How does developing public speaking skills contribute to being a more effective citizen?
How does developing public speaking skills contribute to being a more effective citizen?
Why is listening considered a 'twin art' in the context of a public speaking course?
Why is listening considered a 'twin art' in the context of a public speaking course?
Martin Ives, vice chair of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, suggests that the ability to communicate orally and in writing can lead to what?
Martin Ives, vice chair of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, suggests that the ability to communicate orally and in writing can lead to what?
Besides job-related skills, what is another area where public speaking skills can assist you?
Besides job-related skills, what is another area where public speaking skills can assist you?
An American Council on Education report advises that in obtaining a desirable position, which of the following is your most prized asset?
An American Council on Education report advises that in obtaining a desirable position, which of the following is your most prized asset?
Why is being an active participant in the learning process a bonus of public speaking?
Why is being an active participant in the learning process a bonus of public speaking?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a deliberative speech, according to Aristotle's classification?
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a deliberative speech, according to Aristotle's classification?
If a speaker aims to evoke feelings of patriotism and pride within the audience, which of Aristotle's 'forms of influence' would be most applicable?
If a speaker aims to evoke feelings of patriotism and pride within the audience, which of Aristotle's 'forms of influence' would be most applicable?
A lawyer arguing for their client's innocence in court is an example of which type of public address?
A lawyer arguing for their client's innocence in court is an example of which type of public address?
A speaker wants to ensure their message is easily understood and remembered. According to Aristotle, which structural element is MOST crucial in achieving this?
A speaker wants to ensure their message is easily understood and remembered. According to Aristotle, which structural element is MOST crucial in achieving this?
Which element of influence involves appealing to the audience's emotions to persuade them?
Which element of influence involves appealing to the audience's emotions to persuade them?
Cicero described rhetoric as 'an art made up of five great arts.' Which of the following is NOT one of the five great arts identified by Cicero?
Cicero described rhetoric as 'an art made up of five great arts.' Which of the following is NOT one of the five great arts identified by Cicero?
Which quality of public speaking is MOST enhanced by using vivid language and compelling narratives?
Which quality of public speaking is MOST enhanced by using vivid language and compelling narratives?
In speech structure, what is the primary goal of the introduction?
In speech structure, what is the primary goal of the introduction?
Which of the 'great arts' refers to discovering and selecting the ideas, themes, and arguments for a speech?
Which of the 'great arts' refers to discovering and selecting the ideas, themes, and arguments for a speech?
A speaker delivers a speech that sounds natural and unrehearsed, even though it was carefully prepared. Which aspect of effective public speaking does this exemplify?
A speaker delivers a speech that sounds natural and unrehearsed, even though it was carefully prepared. Which aspect of effective public speaking does this exemplify?
What does 'ethnocentrism' refer to in the context of public speaking and cultural understanding?
What does 'ethnocentrism' refer to in the context of public speaking and cultural understanding?
In the context of public speaking, why is it important for a speaker to be 'tuned to listeners'?
In the context of public speaking, why is it important for a speaker to be 'tuned to listeners'?
Which characteristic is NOT typically retained from good conversation in effective public speaking?
Which characteristic is NOT typically retained from good conversation in effective public speaking?
Which of the following best represents the relationship between public speaking and conversation, as described?
Which of the following best represents the relationship between public speaking and conversation, as described?
In the context of public speaking, what is the 'medium'?
In the context of public speaking, what is the 'medium'?
Why is feedback important in the public speaking process?
Why is feedback important in the public speaking process?
Which of the following best describes the function of 'public knowledge' in the context of public speaking?
Which of the following best describes the function of 'public knowledge' in the context of public speaking?
In the mechanical model of communication, what is the role of 'interference'?
In the mechanical model of communication, what is the role of 'interference'?
What is the primary outcome of the 'identification model' in post-communication, as it relates to the speaker and audience?
What is the primary outcome of the 'identification model' in post-communication, as it relates to the speaker and audience?
What does 'transactional communication' imply beyond the simple exchange of information?
What does 'transactional communication' imply beyond the simple exchange of information?
Which of the following scenarios is the BEST example of 'transformational communication'?
Which of the following scenarios is the BEST example of 'transformational communication'?
What distinguishes 'responsible knowledge' from simply possessing information about a topic?
What distinguishes 'responsible knowledge' from simply possessing information about a topic?
Which action constitutes 'quoting out of context' and why is it unethical?
Which action constitutes 'quoting out of context' and why is it unethical?
What differentiates blatant plagiarism from other forms of plagiarism?
What differentiates blatant plagiarism from other forms of plagiarism?
Flashcards
Forensic Speeches
Forensic Speeches
Speeches arguing guilt or innocence in legal contexts.
Deliberative Speeches
Deliberative Speeches
Speeches debating public policy in legislative settings.
Epideictic Speeches
Epideictic Speeches
Speeches celebrating special occasions.
Logos
Logos
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Pathos
Pathos
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Ethos
Ethos
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Invention (Rhetoric)
Invention (Rhetoric)
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Arrangement (Rhetoric)
Arrangement (Rhetoric)
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Tuning to Listeners
Tuning to Listeners
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Public Speaking as Communication
Public Speaking as Communication
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Functions of Communication
Functions of Communication
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Public Speaking Distinctiveness
Public Speaking Distinctiveness
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Role of Public Speaking
Role of Public Speaking
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Self-awareness
Self-awareness
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Understanding Others
Understanding Others
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Effective Listening
Effective Listening
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Personal Growth
Personal Growth
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Effective Citizenship
Effective Citizenship
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Active Participation
Active Participation
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Critical and Constructive Listening
Critical and Constructive Listening
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Oral Communication
Oral Communication
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Speech Introduction
Speech Introduction
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Speech Body
Speech Body
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Speech Conclusion
Speech Conclusion
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Style (Rhetoric)
Style (Rhetoric)
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Memory (Rhetoric)
Memory (Rhetoric)
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Delivery (Rhetoric)
Delivery (Rhetoric)
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Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
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Interference (Noise)
Interference (Noise)
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Interference
Interference
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Setting
Setting
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Purpose
Purpose
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Transactional communication
Transactional communication
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Transformational communication
Transformational communication
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Public Knowledge
Public Knowledge
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Responsible knowledge
Responsible knowledge
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Study Notes
Personal Benefits of Public Speaking Classes
- You will learn more about yourself and others.
- You will become a more effective listener.
- Personal growth from public speaking helps in other classes, campus activities, and later life.
- Class activities develop your abilities to be a more effective citizen.
- Public speaking makes you an active participant in learning.
- Listening is a often-neglected part of communication.
- You will learn critical and constructive listening to recognize the flaws and virtues of messages.
- Effective communication is vital for job opportunities and professional advancement.
- NACE surveys corporate recruiters and identifies the skills they seek in job candidates.
- The most important skill identified was oral communication.
- NACE recommends learning to speak clearly, confidently, and concisely.
- A similar study by the Center for Public Resources rated speaking and listening as critical for workforce improvement.
- Martin Ives noted that the ability to communicate orally and in writing distinguishes an average career from a special one.
- An American Council on Education report advises that good oral and written skills are valuable for getting and holding a job.
Aristotle's Rhetoric
- Aristotle studied rhetoric and identified three major forms of public address.
- Forensic: Arguing guilt and innocence in legal settings.
- Deliberative: Debating public policy in legislative settings.
- Epideictic: Celebrating special occasions.
- He also identified three forms of influence.
- Logos: Proofs based on reason demonstrations.
- Pathos: Appeals to audience feelings.
- Ethos: Perceived personal qualities of speaker.
- Aristotle stressed the importance of logic in the public arena.
- Using examples and narratives helps illustrate points.
- Speeches should have effective structure.
- Introduction: Gains attention and clarifies speech purpose.
- Body: Develops, demonstrates, and proves the message.
- Conclusion: Reminds listeners of main points, amplifies importance, and leads to a decision.
Cicero's Rhetoric
- Aristotle's Rhetoric laid the groundwork for Roman rhetoricians like Cicero.
- Cicero described rhetoric as an art made up of five great arts.
- Invention: Discovering and selecting ideas.
- Arrangement: Placing ideas in order.
- Style: Expressing ideas effectively.
- Memory: Storing ideas for recall.
- Delivery: Presenting ideas to an audience.
Public Speaking as Conversation
- Public speaking retains three important qualities of good conversation.
- Natural directness and spontaneity.
- Colorful and compelling content.
- Tuning into the reactions of listeners.
- A speech should sound conversational and spontaneous.
- Monitoring audience reactions helps you explain more clearly.
- As an infant, you developed language, the most essential tool for communication.
Elements of Communication
- Medium: Conducts the speaker's message (e.g., air, microphone).
- Listener: Should be constructive, supportive, careful, and critical.
- Feedback: Improves communication quality by signaling understanding or confusion.
- Interference: Disrupts communication (e.g., physical noise, psychological noise).
- Setting: Physical and psychological environment of the speech.
- Purpose: Reason or motive for speaking.
- Consequences: Impact of successful speeches on listeners.
Models of Communication
- Transactional Communication: goes beyond personal achievement and includes sharing of vital information, ideas and advice.
- Transformational Communication: Connects on an emotional level and inspires people through a shared mission and vision.
- Public Knowledge: Is what a community decides is worth knowing.
- Mechanical Model:
- Speaker initiates a message in a communication setting.
- Message flows through the medium.
- It is received by an audience member.
- Interference can distort the intended meaning.
- Identification Model:
- Speaker and listeners unite as an audience.
- They share an identity and common ground.
Ethical Public Speaking
- Ethics is the moral dimension of human conduct.
- Responsible Knowledge:
- Knowing the main points of concern.
- Understanding experts' views.
- Awareness of recent events.
- Realizing the impact on listeners' lives.
- Avoid Quoting Out of Context:
- Distorts the quotation's meaning.
- Avoid Plagiarism:
- Presenting others' ideas as your own.
- Blatant Plagiarism:
- Intentionally stealing an entire work.
- Subtle Plagiarism:
- Abuse or neglect of citations.
- Preventing Plagiarism:
- Allow enough time for thorough preparation.
- Ethical Conduct:
- Centered on shared values of love, truthfulness, fairness, freedom, unity, tolerance, responsibility, and respect.
Additional Terms
- Ethnocentrism:
- Evaluation of other cultures based on the standards and customs of one's own culture.
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Description
Explore the personal and professional advantages of public speaking classes. Develop self-awareness, listening skills, and effective communication. Enhance citizenship, learning participation, and career prospects by mastering oral communication.
