Belt Conveyor, Pycnometer, and Waste Disposal

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Questions and Answers

What can occur if the belt speed on a conveyor is too high?

The efficiency of the conveyor will significantly increase

The coal can slide back down the belt (correct)

The coal will adhere more effectively to the belt

The coal will compact and become denser

Which material has the maximum permissible incline for a belt conveyor due to its lower angle of repose?

Gravel

Clay

Foundry sand (correct)

Coal dust

In what method of disposal is municipal solid waste buried in the ground?

Shredding

Incineration

Composting

Landfilling (correct)

What is the formula for calculating the water content of a soil sample?

w = (W2 - W1) / (W3 - W4) Signup and view all the answers

What does specific gravity of soil solids typically refer to?

Weight of soil solids compared to water weight at 27°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of compacting waste in a landfill?

To prevent exposure to the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the permissible tensile stress in bolts typically reported as?

120 N/mm² Signup and view all the answers

Which measuring method would be least effective for determining the moisture content of soil?

Estimating from granularity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of shotcrete or gunite in construction?

To apply mortar or concrete pneumatically for repairs Signup and view all the answers

What determines the point through which the resultant of the shear passes without causing twisting?

Shear centre Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical period for cleaning a slow sand filter?

One month to three months Signup and view all the answers

Why must the forces act through a specific point in beam mechanics?

To avoid twisting and cause only bending Signup and view all the answers

In AutoCAD, how can a cylinder be created?

By forming a rectangle with the extrusion tool Signup and view all the answers

What material is often used as the foundation in slow sand filters?

Fine sand supported by gravel Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the point through which a concentrated load can pass without causing twisting of the cross section of a beam?

Shear center Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of applying shotcrete or gunite?

Hand troweling Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary purpose of a Well Point System?

Dewatering Signup and view all the answers

In the Vicat apparatus, what indicates 'Normal consistency' for a paste?

23 to 25 mm penetration Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of eutrophication in water bodies?

Decrease in fish populations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of concrete is characterized as 'Very high' in terms of reinforcement?

Tremie concrete Signup and view all the answers

What does capital cost encompass in a construction project?

Total costs from start to finish Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a result of high levels of phytoplankton in a stratified water body?

Eutrophication leading to algal blooms Signup and view all the answers

Which construction technique is used for preparing a site for excavation?

Dewatering Signup and view all the answers

Which range of penetration is NOT typical for 'Normal consistency' in Vicat apparatus?

1 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the half-cell electrical potential method?

To detect the corrosion potential of reinforcing bars in concrete Signup and view all the answers

Which test is utilized to assess the surface hardness of concrete?

Schmidt or Rebound hammer test Signup and view all the answers

The ultimate strength of 4.6 grade bolts is typically which of the following?

400 N/mm2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the permeability test measure in concrete?

The flow of water through the concrete Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the ultrasonic pulse velocity test is correct?

It measures the quality of concrete by the time of ultrasonic wave travel Signup and view all the answers

The maximum shear stress formula indicates that τmax is equal to what value?

$rac{σ_1 - σ_2}{2}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the carbonation depth measurement test?

It assesses the moisture level reaching reinforcing bars Signup and view all the answers

For concrete, permissible stress is represented by which symbol?

σy Signup and view all the answers

What is the azimuth in surveying terminology?

The horizontal angle made by a true meridian with the survey line Signup and view all the answers

How does the magnetic bearing of a line vary?

It changes with time Signup and view all the answers

At which latitude is the dip of the magnetic needle approximately 90°?

Near 70° north latitude Signup and view all the answers

What does magnetic declination refer to?

The angle between magnetic north and the true north Signup and view all the answers

Which repair method is referred to as 'quadrennial'?

It is completed once in four years Signup and view all the answers

What method uses compressed air and is suited for soft or water-bearing ground?

Compressed air method Signup and view all the answers

What type of buckling class is used for built-up members in construction?

Class C Signup and view all the answers

What is the inclination of the magnetic needle known as?

Dip Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Belt Conveyor Inclines

The angle of repose of the material being conveyed on a belt conveyor significantly impacts the maximum permissible incline.
A material with a lower angle of repose, like foundry sand, allows for a steeper incline before the material slides back down the belt.

Pycnometer Method for Water Content Determination

The pycnometer method is used to determine the water content of a soil sample.
The method involves weighing the empty pycnometer (W1), the pycnometer with the moist soil sample (W2), the pycnometer with the soil and water (W3), and the pycnometer filled with water (W4).
The specific gravity of the soil solids (Gs) is also required for the calculation.
The following formula is used to calculate the water content (w):
- w = ((W2-W1)/(W3-W4))*(Gs-1)-1

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal

Landfilling is the most common method of disposing of municipal solid waste.
It involves dumping waste in specially designed and engineered facilities called landfills in remote areas.
Waste is compacted and covered with soil to prevent exposure to the environment.

Shear Centre in Beams

The shear centre is a point within the cross-sectional plane of a beam.
Concentrated loads must pass through the shear centre to ensure pure bending without twisting of the beam's cross-section.
This point is also known as the centre of twist.

Slow Sand Filters

Slow sand filters consist of fine sand supported by gravel.
They capture particles near the surface of the bed.
Typically, cleaning is done by scraping away the top layer of sand containing accumulated particles.

Concrete Repair Methods

Shotcrete or Gunite is a concrete or mortar mixture applied pneumatically at high velocity.
It is used for major repair works, including vertical, horizontal, and overhead surfaces.

Vicat Apparatus for Concrete Consistency

The Vicat apparatus is used to determine the consistency of cement paste.
A paste is considered to be of 'normal consistency' if the vicats rod penetrates 33 to 35 mm into the paste.

Well Point System Purpose

The primary purpose of a well point system is dewatering.
It is used to lower the water table in the ground for various purposes, such as preparing construction sites or stabilizing slopes.

Non-Destructive Tests for Concrete

Non-destructive tests (NDT) are used to assess the strength and condition of existing concrete elements without causing damage.
Types of NDT:
- Half-cell electrical potential method: Detects the corrosion potential of reinforcing bars in concrete.
- Schmidt hammer or Rebound hammer test: Evaluates the surface hardness of concrete.
- Carbonation depth measurement test: Determines if moisture has reached the depth of reinforcing bars.
- Permeability test: Measures the flow of water through concrete.
- Penetration resistance or Windsor probe test: Measures the surface hardness and strength of surface layers.
- Ultrasonic pulse velocity test: Measures the time of travel of ultrasonic waves through the concrete, indicating its quality.

Bolt Grades

Bolts are classified by grade, which indicates their strength.
4.6 grade bolts have a yield strength of 240 N/mm² and an ultimate strength of 400 N/mm².

Azimuth and Magnetic Bearing

Azimuth: The horizontal angle between a true meridian and a survey line, measured from north.
Magnetic Bearing: The horizontal angle between a magnetic north and a survey line.

Quadrennial Repairs

Quadrennial repair refers to repair work that is done once every four years.

Compressed Air Method for Dewatering

This method uses compressed air to dewater soft or water-bearing ground.

Buckling Class for Built-up Members

Buckling class C is used for built-up members, which are designed to resist buckling about their minor axis.
Hot-rolled I sections with thick flanges and welded I sections are examples of built-up members.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to belt conveyors, the pycnometer method for determining water content in soils, and methods for municipal solid waste disposal. Understand the impact of incline angles on conveying materials, and learn the calculations involved in measuring soil moisture and waste management techniques.