Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the central idea behind the behaviorist concept of 'tabula rasa'?
What is the central idea behind the behaviorist concept of 'tabula rasa'?
- Humans are born with a predisposition to certain behaviors based on evolutionary factors.
- Humans beings are born with a mind that is a 'blank slate'. (correct)
- Humans are born with pre-existing knowledge and instincts.
- Humans acquire all behavior through genetics and physiology.
Which of the following is a core belief of traditional behaviorism?
Which of the following is a core belief of traditional behaviorism?
- Behavior is solely determined by genetic predispositions.
- All behavior is learned through interactions with the environment. (correct)
- Emotions and thoughts are key to learning
- Internal mental processes are the primary drivers of behavior.
What perspective do behaviorists take on the nature versus nurture debate?
What perspective do behaviorists take on the nature versus nurture debate?
- They equally weigh the influence of both nature and nurture.
- They believe genetics, physiology and evolution solely determines behaviour.
- They ignore social and environmental factors.
- They prioritize the influence of social and environmental factors over innate and biological factors. (correct)
What does 'environmental determinism' suggest about the origin of human behavior?
What does 'environmental determinism' suggest about the origin of human behavior?
How do early associations, such as those with rewards and punishments, influence later behavior according to behaviorism?
How do early associations, such as those with rewards and punishments, influence later behavior according to behaviorism?
Which learning process is central to the behaviourist approach?
Which learning process is central to the behaviourist approach?
Which of the following are the two types of conditioning?
Which of the following are the two types of conditioning?
What is the method by which new behaviours are learnt in Classical Conditioning?
What is the method by which new behaviours are learnt in Classical Conditioning?
Which scientist first described the process of classical conditioning?
Which scientist first described the process of classical conditioning?
In Pavlov's experiments, what role did food play prior to conditioning?
In Pavlov's experiments, what role did food play prior to conditioning?
During the conditioning process, what happens to the neutral stimulus?
During the conditioning process, what happens to the neutral stimulus?
In classical conditioning, what indicates that learning has occurred?
In classical conditioning, what indicates that learning has occurred?
What is the role of rewards and punishments in environmental determinism?
What is the role of rewards and punishments in environmental determinism?
What did Bandura's work (1963) demonstrate?
What did Bandura's work (1963) demonstrate?
How does the behaviourist approach perceive internal events such as thinking and emotion?
How does the behaviourist approach perceive internal events such as thinking and emotion?
What statement would be the most accurate according to the assumptions of the behaviourist model?
What statement would be the most accurate according to the assumptions of the behaviourist model?
What is the role of genetics for behaviourists?
What is the role of genetics for behaviourists?
Food acting as an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) would be an accurate statement in relation to what.
Food acting as an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) would be an accurate statement in relation to what.
What creates a new Conditioned Response?
What creates a new Conditioned Response?
With reference to the behaviourist model, why might getting smacked for bad behaviour, pre determine reactions to situations?
With reference to the behaviourist model, why might getting smacked for bad behaviour, pre determine reactions to situations?
Flashcards
Tabula Rasa
Tabula Rasa
Humans are born with minds like 'blank slates,' shaped by experience.
Behaviorist Approach
Behaviorist Approach
Ignores internal mental events, focusing solely on observable behaviors shaped by environmental interactions.
Nurture Over Nature
Nurture Over Nature
The view that social and environmental factors exert the greatest influence on behavior, surpassing innate and biological factors.
Environmental Determinism
Environmental Determinism
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Types of Conditioning
Types of Conditioning
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
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Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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Conditioned Response (CR)
Conditioned Response (CR)
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Study Notes
- Behaviourist Approach
Assumption 1
- Humans are born like blank slates
- Behaviourists believe that when people are born, their mind is a 'tabula rasa' (Latin for blank slate)
- Traditional behaviourist approach means people aren't born with in-built mental content
- Internal events like thinking and emotion, don't drive behavior
- Instead, all behavior is learned from interactions with the environment
- Social and environmental factors have the greatest influence on behavior over and above innate and biological factors, supporting the idea of nurture over nature
- Traditional behaviorist theory is the extreme end of the nature-nurture debate
- Disregard factors such as genetics, physiology, and evolution, when explaining behavior
- Perspective is termed Environmental Determinism, stating that behavior is determined by the environment a person grew up in
- Associations people make early on in life (e.g., dentists = pain) and the early rewards/punishments provided by the environment shape behavior
- Getting smacked for bad behavior can heavily influence later reactions to other people and situations
- Psychological example of this is Bandura (1963)
Assumption 2
- Behavior is learned through conditions
- There are 2 types of conditioning: classical and operant
Classical Conditioning
- New behaviors are learned through association
- Pavlov first described the process of classical conditioning in 1902 from his observation of salivation of dogs
- Before conditioning, food = unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and food = unconditioned response (UCR)
- During conditioning, a neutral stimulus (NS) is introduced along with the UCS, like the sound of a bell
- This is repeated several times, and an association occurs
- After conditioning, the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS), which produces a new conditioned response (CR) - salivation
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