Behavior Analysis Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of response-reinforcer contingency?

  • A type of behavior governed by unconscious processes.
  • A relationship in which a consequence (reinforcer) is delivered if and only if the target response occurs. (correct)
  • A behavioral approach without any learned rules.
  • A relationship where reinforcement is independent of the response.

    • What does rule-governed behavior refer to?

    Instructed behavior or behavior which conforms to a previously learned (verbal) rule.

    What does Sāˆ† represent?

    A discriminative stimulus that suppresses instrumental responding because it signals that reinforcement is not available.

    Define satiation in behavioral terms.

    <p>Repeated presentation of a stimulus can reduce its efficacy as a reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is schedule thinning?

    <p>Gradually increasing the requirements to earn a reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SD stand for?

    <p>A discriminative stimulus that evokes instrumental behavior because it signals the availability of reinforcement for a target response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-injurious behavior?

    <p>Abnormal behaviors that are harmful to oneself, such as head-banging or scratching or biting oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by self-control in behavioral psychology?

    <p>Foregoing an immediate, small reward for a larger, more delayed reward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define self-stimulation.

    <p>Abnormal, repetitive behaviors that interfere with the individual's ability to pay attention or participate in meaningful activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ABA Reversal refer to?

    <p>A basic single-subject design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adjunctive behaviors?

    <p>Excessive behaviors occurring between trials or between reinforcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does analytical pragmatism emphasize?

    <p>Practical, behavioral methods of assessment and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appetitive stimulus?

    <p>A positively reinforcing stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define applied behavior analysis.

    <p>The use of basic behavior principles to analyze and solve practical problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aversion therapy?

    <p>A procedure that pairs inappropriate behaviors with aversive stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an aversive stimulus?

    <p>A noxious or unpleasant stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is backward chaining?

    <p>Training the last behavior in a chain first, then introducing preceding behaviors gradually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a baseline?

    <p>The base rate of behavior before intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define behavior analysis.

    <p>A comprehensive experimental approach to studying behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is behavior trapping?

    <p>Teaching a new behavior maintained through natural reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does behavioral medicine target?

    <p>Health-related activities like patient compliance and exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises a behavioral repertoire?

    <p>The full set of behaviors that an organism exhibits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define belongingness in a behavioral context.

    <p>The idea that some relationships are more easily learned due to evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a changing criterion research design?

    <p>A design where the rate of a target response is progressively changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes classical conditioning?

    <p>A neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound stimulus?

    <p>A stimulus composed of several components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does concurrent behavioral contingency refer to?

    <p>More than one contingency of reinforcement in effect at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define conditioned emotional response.

    <p>Suppression of a positively reinforced operant response by an aversive conditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conditioned reinforcer?

    <p>A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the constructional approach to behavior change?

    <p>A training system focusing on skill-building for appropriate behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the context of behavior?

    <p>The biological and experiential history of the organism with contextual stimuli during conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contingency trap?

    <p>Unwanted behavior occurs frequently because it is negatively reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes contingency-shaped behavior?

    <p>Operant behavior directly under the control of contingencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define continuous reinforcement.

    <p>A reinforcement schedule where every response is reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is correspondence training?

    <p>A training method focusing on the correlation between verbal and actual behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dependent variable?

    <p>What is measured in an experiment, typically the behavior of the subject.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define deprivation in a behavioral context.

    <p>Restricting or limiting access to a reinforcing event or stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is differential reinforcement of high rates?

    <p>Reinforcement for rates of responding above a specified criterion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors?

    <p>Reinforcement for behaviors incompatible with the target response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define differential reinforcement of low rates.

    <p>Reinforcement for rates of responding below a specified criterion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is differential reinforcement of other behaviors?

    <p>Reinforcement for behaviors other than the target response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a discrete trials procedure?

    <p>Teaching a specific task through repeated presentations across trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define discrimination in behavior analysis.

    <p>Stimulus control where subjects respond differently to stimuli with few common features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is displacement behavior?

    <p>Irrelevant behavior arising from interrupted consummatory behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does echolalia refer to?

    <p>Repeating spoken language without normal verbal behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is errorless discrimination training?

    <p>A procedure using brief, low-intensity stimuli to avoid incorrect responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an establishing operation?

    <p>A change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is experimental analysis of behavior?

    <p>A single-subject method breaking down environment-behavior relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define extinction in behavior analysis.

    <p>Reduction in frequency of an operant response when no longer followed by a reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an extinction burst?

    <p>Rapid bursts of target responses when extinction is first applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are extrinsic reinforcers?

    <p>Reinforcers arranged artificially by an external party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fading in behavior modification?

    <p>Gradual increase or decrease in stimulus intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define fear hierarchy.

    <p>Gradual set of feared objects or activities constructed by a client and therapist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is flooding in behavioral therapy?

    <p>Presentation of feared stimuli at full strength with no escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fluency training?

    <p>Using a changing criterion design to increase speed and accuracy of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is forward chaining?

    <p>Training the first behavior in a chain first, then introducing subsequent behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is functional behavior analysis?

    <p>Thorough analysis of pretreatment behavior concerning antecedents and consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a generalized reinforcer?

    <p>A form of conditioned reinforcer backed by multiple primary reinforcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habit reversal?

    <p>Engaging a subject in incompatible responses to eliminate unwanted behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habituation?

    <p>A decrease in responsiveness due to repeated stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hypothetical constructs?

    <p>Nonobservable events presumed to explain behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does in vitro desensitization involve?

    <p>Using imaginal activities as part of the fear hierarchy treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is in vivo desensitization?

    <p>Engaging in actual feared responses or activities to treat phobias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>What is manipulated by the experimenter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines intermittent reinforcement?

    <p>A reinforcement schedule where responding is reinforced only some of the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is interresponse time?

    <p>The interval between successive responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intertrial interval?

    <p>The time elapsed between two successive trials in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines intrinsic reinforcers?

    <p>Reinforcers that are the natural outcome of the target behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Keller's Personalized System of Instruction?

    <p>A college teaching method based on operant conditioning principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of effect?

    <p>The principle that the effects of actions determine their repetition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is learned helplessness effect?

    <p>Interference with the learning of a new instrumental response due to unavoidable aversive stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define learning.

    <p>A relatively enduring change in behavior resulting from interaction with the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a learning curve?

    <p>A graph showing how behavior changes during an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mainstreaming refer to?

    <p>Placement of students with disabilities in regular classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mammaCare?

    <p>A behavioral program for teaching breast self-examination techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is multiple baseline across behaviors?

    <p>A research design applying the same reinforcement procedure to several operants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define multiple baseline across stimulus conditions.

    <p>A research design applying reinforcement in one setting while withholding it in others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is multiple baseline across subjects?

    <p>A research design where reinforcement is introduced across different individuals exhibiting similar behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is negative reinforcement?

    <p>Behavior increases due to the termination of an aversive event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does negatively accelerating mean?

    <p>A learning curve where performance increases at a slower rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is negatively decelerating?

    <p>A learning curve where performance decreases at a slower rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observer drift?

    <p>Gradual changes in an observer's likelihood of identifying a behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is operant conditioning?

    <p>A process where antecedent stimuli occasion a target response due to pairing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is overcorrection?

    <p>Requiring subjects to engage in appropriate behaviors repeatedly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is partial-reinforcement extinction effect?

    <p>Greater persistence in responding during extinction after partial reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define passive avoidance.

    <p>Refraining from action to minimize contact with an aversive stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a performance contract?

    <p>A written statement describing target behavior and outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pivotal response training?

    <p>Teaching central behaviors leading to improvements in multiple areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positive reinforcement?

    <p>Behavior increases from the presentation of an appetitive stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positively accelerating mean?

    <p>A learning curve where performance increases at a faster rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is positively decelerating?

    <p>A learning curve where performance decreases at a faster rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Premack principle?

    <p>The opportunity to perform a preferred response contingent upon the target response increases its likelihood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define private behavior.

    <p>Behavior only accessible to the individual who emits it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does prompting entail?

    <p>Explicit training of a stimulus to increase the probability of a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reinforcer?

    <p>A stimulus whose availability following a response increases the likelihood of that response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is response blocking?

    <p>Physically intervening to prevent the completion of a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a response chain?

    <p>A series of responses where each response cues the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define response class.

    <p>A class of related behaviors producing similar consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is response cost?

    <p>Behavior decreases due to removal of an appetitive stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is response latency?

    <p>The time between stimulus presentation and the subject's response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ABA Terms Overview

    • ABA Reversal: A research design comparing baseline (A) and treatment (B) phases to determine treatment effects through alternating conditions.
    • Adjunctive Behavior: Excessive actions occurring between trials or reinforcers, potentially arbitrary in nature.
    • Analytical Pragmatism: Emphasizes practical behavioral assessment and analysis methods to inform interventions.
    • Appetitive Stimulus: Stimuli that are inherently rewarding and reinforce behavior positively.
    • Applied Behavior Analysis: The practical application of behavioral principles to solve real-world problems.
    • Aversion Therapy: A treatment method pairing inappropriate behaviors with unpleasant stimuli to create negative responses.

    Behavior Conditioning Principles

    • Aversive Stimulus: An unpleasant or noxious stimulus used in behavior modification.
    • Backward Chaining: Training method where the last step of a behavior sequence is taught first, building backward through the steps.
    • Baseline: The initial rate of behavior prior to any intervention, used for comparison.
    • Behavior Analysis: Investigates the principles governing behavior by breaking down complex behavior-environment interactions.
    • Behavior Trapping: Teaching behaviors that are maintained through natural reinforcements in the environment.

    Behavioral Interventions

    • Behavioral Medicine: Focuses on changing health-related behaviors, including compliance and lifestyle changes.
    • Behavioral Repertoire: The complete range of behaviors an organism is capable of exhibiting.
    • Changing Criterion Design: A research approach where the target behavior rate is gradually altered to assess changes over time.
    • Classical Conditioning: Learning process where a neutral stimulus begins to elicit a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
    • Compound Stimulus: A stimulus consisting of multiple components influencing response.

    Response Dynamics

    • Concurrent Behavioral Contingency: Multiple reinforcement contingencies operating simultaneously affecting behavior.
    • Conditioned Emotional Response: A previously neutral stimulus evoking emotional responses after association with an aversive stimulus.
    • Conditioned Reinforcer: A stimulus that gains reinforcement capability through its association with primary reinforcers.
    • Constructional Approach: Focuses on skill-building to replace inappropriate behavior with appropriate alternatives.

    Behavioral Context and Design

    • Context of Behavior: The combination of an organismā€™s history and the environmental stimuli present during learning.
    • Contingency Trap: A situation where unwanted behaviors are inadvertently reinforced, complicating behavioral interventions.
    • Contingency-Shaped Behavior: Behavior directly controlled by reinforcing contingencies rather than rules.
    • Continuous Reinforcement: Reinforcing every instance of a target response to establish behavior.

    Learning Processes

    • Correspondence Training: Training method to align verbal commitments with actual behaviors to enhance accountability.
    • Dependent Variable: The measured outcome in behavior analysis, primarily focusing on participant behavior.
    • Deprivation: Limiting access to a reinforcing stimulus to enhance its value as a reinforcer.
    • Differential Reinforcement: Reinforcement strategies aimed at increasing appropriate behaviors or decreasing unwanted ones.

    Experimental and Applied Techniques

    • Discrete Trials Procedure: Isolates a specific behavior for focused teaching through repeated trials with reinforcement.
    • Discrimination: Differentiating between stimuli based on relevant characteristics.
    • Errorless Discrimination Training: A method minimizing errors during learning by gradually introducing signals.
    • Establishing Operation: Changes to the environment that affect stimulus effectiveness as a reinforcer.

    Advanced Concepts in ABA

    • Experimental Analysis of Behavior: In-depth examination of behavior using systematic methods to identify controlling variables.
    • Extinction: Diminishing a behavior by withholding reinforcement previously associated with it.
    • Fluency Training: A method to improve the speed and accuracy of responses using a changing criterion method.
    • Functional Behavior Analysis: Analyzes target behavior antecedents and consequences to identify their function.

    Miscellaneous Terms

    • Generalized Reinforcer: A secondary reinforcer linked to multiple primary reinforcers, enhancing its effectiveness.
    • Habituation: Decreased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
    • Intermittent Reinforcement: Reinforcing responses on a less than continuous schedule, promoting persistence.
    • Negative Reinforcement: Increases behavior through the removal of an aversive stimulus.

    Behavior Modification Strategies

    • Overcorrection: Entails requiring subjects to engage in incompatible behaviors to correct unwanted behaviors.
    • Prompting: Utilizing additional cues or stimuli to elicit a desired response and establish control.
    • Response Cost: Decreases behavior through the removal of a positive reinforcer following unwanted behavior.
    • Self-Injurious Behavior: Harmful behaviors directed towards oneself, indicating a need for behavioral intervention.

    Summary of Learning Behaviors

    • Positive Reinforcement: Increases behavior by presenting a wanted stimulus following a response.
    • Premack Principle: Leveraging more preferred behaviors to enhance likelihood of less preferred behaviors occurring.
    • Satiation: Diminished effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer due to frequent exposure.
    • Self-Control: The ability to wait for a more substantial reward rather than opting for an immediate, smaller one.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts in behavior analysis, including response-reinforcer contingencies and rule-governed behavior. This quiz will cover terms such as satiation and schedule thinning, along with the meanings of SD and Sāˆ†. Expand your knowledge in behavioral psychology.

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