Questions and Answers
What was a primary factor that limited the Bedouins' communication with the outside world?
What material were Bedouin tents primarily made from?
How did Bedouin tribes determine leadership among their members?
What type of education was available in the settled communities?
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What type of clothing did Bedouins typically wear in winter?
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What characterized the social structure of settled communities?
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Which of the following best describes the literacy levels among the Bedouin population?
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What was the primary reason wealthy women in settled Qatari society were isolated from the outside world?
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What was a significant economic factor for settled communities living near the sea?
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In the settled communities, who remained in the villages and cities during the pearling season?
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Which of the following best describes the social organization of the settled community?
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How did the social class of Qatari women influence their roles before the discovery of oil?
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What significant role did women play in Bedouin society?
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What year was the kuttab of Amna al-Mahmud established as the first modern school for girls?
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What was a common feature of the houses found in settled communities?
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Which of the following subjects were taught at The Rushdiye School established in 1890?
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What typical activity did men in settled communities engage in during the pearling season?
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What was a significant factor that led to the closure of the Athariya school in 1938?
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Which of the following could be inferred about women's education in settled Qatari society?
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Which individual played a pivotal role in the establishment of the first formal school in Qatar?
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What was the impact of the Battle of Wajbah in 1893 on the education system?
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What limitations did the kuttabs face in providing education?
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Which school was known for its significant role and existed until 1938?
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What motivated the establishment of more developed schools than the kuttabs?
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What was a primary reason for the closure of kuttabs?
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What subjects did kuttabs primarily focus on?
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What was the socioeconomic context of kuttab education?
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How were kuttabs funded during their operation?
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What unique role did Ms. Amna Mahmud al-Jayida play in Qatari education?
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At what age did children typically stop attending kuttabs in Qatar?
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What distinction did some Qatari kuttabs achieve in the early twentieth century?
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Which statement about kuttabs is accurate?
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What role did the shaykh play in the judiciary system of Qatar before the discovery of oil?
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What was a significant characteristic of salifa courts in Qatar?
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What was the primary economic structure of Qatar before oil, as described in the context?
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Which of the following was NOT a main resource in the Gulf before oil?
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How did the pearling economy impact the social structure in Qatar?
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What was a common method of transaction in the economy before oil?
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Which statement best describes the agricultural practices in pre-oil Qatar?
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In what way did diving for pearls specifically influence the local community?
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Study Notes
Bedouin Social System
- Bedouins led simple, nomadic lives with easily assembled woven tents made from goat or camel hair, crafted by women.
- Clothing was practical: flowing robes in summer, animal hides in winter, and barefooted.
- Diet consisted of locally available food like dates and dairy; occasional purchases made for special occasions.
- Isolation limited their communication with the outside world, and surplus for trade was minimal.
- Tribal customs governed social life, with no formal political structure; authority lay with the shaykh, chosen for leadership qualities rather than inheritance.
- Illiteracy was common due to constant movement, but Bedouins excelled in oral poetry and storytelling celebrated in gatherings.
Settled Communities Social System
- Settled communities were established in villages and cities along the coast, engaging in handicrafts and small industries.
- Economic activities were primarily reliant on the sea; notable villages included Doha, Wakra, al-Khor, Fuwayrit, and Ruwais.
- Houses were constructed from mud and stone, with organized neighborhoods that included diverse tribes.
- Relative stability allowed for social cooperation and the gradual development of collective norms and legal structures.
Women in Qatari Society Before Oil
- During pearling season, men left coastal areas, leaving behind women, children, and the elderly, which increased women’s societal roles.
- Wealthy women oversaw domestic activities but remained isolated and largely uneducated, only learning to read some Quran.
- Women of high status formed a distinct social circle with unique customs separate from men’s world.
Role of Women in Bedouin Society
- Women participated actively in daily tasks, including travel, animal herding, and household preparations.
- Education for children occurred in kuttabs, often run by women, focusing on Quran memorization and basic literacy skills.
- Kuttabs were inconsistent in quality and relied on community support; notable female educators emerged, such as Ms. Amna Mahmud al-Jayida, the first female teacher in Qatar.
Early Formal Schools
- The Rushdiye School was established in 1890 through Ottoman influence, teaching Arabic, Islamic studies, and basic arithmetic.
- The school system did not last beyond 1893 due to political changes; however, demand for formal education rose with economic growth.
- The Athariya school was founded in 1913, funded by local merchants; it trained students until its closure in 1938.
Judiciary in Qatar Before Oil
- Legal matters lacked modern structure; serious cases were attended to by the shaykh, while commercial disputes were managed in specialized courts.
- The “salifa courts” specifically addressed grievances related to the pearl trade, often biased towards ship captains.
Economy Before Oil
- The subsistence economy focused on basic survival without surplus production or investment; communities relied on barter transactions.
- Main resources included diving for pearls, herding, fishing, limited agriculture, and customs revenues from trade.
- The pearling economy fostered job opportunities locally and attracted Bedouins, impacting Qatar's social and economic landscape significantly prior to oil discovery.
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Description
Explore the unique social system of the Bedouin people, characterized by their nomadic lifestyle and simple living. This quiz covers their traditional tents, clothing, and food sources, highlighting their adaptation to the desert environment.