Bearing Witness

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Questions and Answers

All writings after Night, including those that deal with biblical, Talmudic, or Hasidic themes, profoundly bear its stamp, and cannot be understood if one has not read this very first of my works, just as the past lingers in the ________.

present

The author questions whether he wrote to avoid madness or to embrace it, seeking to understand the 'immense, terrifying madness' that had erupted in history and in the ________ of mankind.

conscience

The author reflects on whether his survival was a result of a miracle, but ultimately concludes it was likely ________, and that he needed to give some meaning to that survival by writing.

chance

The author says that his life as a writer would not have become what it is without his ________, which led him to feel morally obligated.

<p>testimony</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nazis' goal shifted from excluding Jews from society to erasing their existence from memory, leading to actions like the ________ disinterment and burning of corpses in Eastern Europe.

<p>Einsatzgruppen's</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author observed language becoming an ________, making it necessary to invent a new way to articulate the horrors he witnessed because the existing words had been 'betrayed and perverted by the enemy'.

<p>obstacle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The journey in sealed cattle cars and the discovery of a demented universe transformed the author's understanding of humanity, making ________ seem human.

<p>inhuman</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author felt that his testimony would not be fully received because it deals with events that sprang from the 'darkest zone of ________'.

<p>man</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author notes that any one of the fields of ashes in ________ carries more weight than all the testimonies about it.

<p>Birkenau</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite numerous cuts, the original Yiddish version was long; ________ edited and further cut the French version because the author worried that some things might be superfluous; substance alone mattered.

<p>Jérôme Lindon</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author realized the ordeal was underpinned and influenced by their belief in God, trust in man, and the illusion that every one of us has been entrusted with a sacred spark from the ________ flame.

<p>Shekhinah's</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author expresses deep regret that he didn't respond to his father's cries for help, remaining deaf to his calls due to ________ of the blows.

<p>fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author says without his testimony his life as a writer would not have become what it is, that of a ________ who believes he has a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory.

<p>witness</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nazis decided to leave behind a world in ruins in which ________ would seem never to have existed.

<p>Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

The war which Hitler and his accomplices waged was a war not only against Jewish men, women, and children, but also against Jewish ________, Jewish culture, Jewish tradition, therefore Jewish memory.

<p>religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Painfully aware of my limitations, I watched helplessly as language became an ________.

<p>obstacle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Writing in my mother tongue, close to ________, I would pause at every sentence, and start over and over again.

<p>extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

All the ________ had to offer seemed meager, pale, lifeless.

<p>dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author asks if men and women who consider it normal to assist the weak, to heal the sick, to protect small children, and to respect the wisdom of their elders understand what ________ there.

<p>happened</p> Signup and view all the answers

For despite all attempts to articulate the unspeakable, 'it' is still not ________.

<p>right</p> Signup and view all the answers

The manuscript was rejected by every major publisher, despite the tireless efforts of ________.

<p>François Mauriac</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the original Yiddish texts there were passages that had more on the ________ of the author's father and on the Liberation.

<p>death</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author heard his father's voice, grasped the ________ dimension of the moment, yet I did not move.

<p>tragic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author was afraid of the ________ in the camp.

<p>blows</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author was angry with his father for having been ________, for having cried, for provoking the wrath of the SS.

<p>noisy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author says he will never forgive himself for his actions, nor shall he ever forgive the world for having pushed him against the wall, for having turned him into a ________.

<p>stranger</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author needed to give some ________ to his survival.

<p>meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Special units would then ________ the corpses and burn them.

<p>disinter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Would they be able to comprehend how, within that cursed universe, the masters ________ the weak and massacred the children, the sick, and the old?

<p>tortured</p> Signup and view all the answers

Knowing all the while that any one of the fields of ashes in Birkenau carries more ________ than all the testimonies about Birkenau.

<p>weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Night

The author's first book, profoundly influencing all subsequent works.

Author's Purpose in Writing

The author wrote to preserve a record, prevent historical repetition, and understand the madness witnessed.

Author's Moral Obligation

A moral duty to prevent the erasure of the enemy's crimes from collective memory.

Einsatzgruppen

German units tasked to kill Jews and erase evidence of their existence.

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The Final Solution

The systematic mass murder of Jews by the Nazis during World War II.

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Nazi War Aims

The Nazis aimed to erase Jewish religion, culture, tradition, and memory to act as though Jews never existed.

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Language as an Obstacle

Language became an obstacle, requiring the invention of a new way to express the unimaginable horrors.

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Demented and Glacial Universe

A universe where inhumanity was human, and innocence met death.

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The Last Journey

The last journey in sealed cattle cars toward the unknown.

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Survival

The author felt survival was chance, not a miracle, questioning why he was saved over others.

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François Mauriac

Mauriac helped the author overcome publishing obstacles.

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Editions

The author accepted cuts, prioritizing substance over superfluous details.

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"Eliezer, my son, come here..."

The author's father's plea for his son's presence during his final moments.

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Author's Regret

The author's inaction and fear prevented him from comforting his dying father.

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Accusation

The author accuses the world of instilling the basest instincts and turning him into a stranger.

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Study Notes

  • This book holds significant importance, with all subsequent writings bearing its mark, essential for understanding the author's work.
  • The author wrote to grapple with the immense madness witnessed in history and within humanity.
  • The author aimed to leave a legacy of memories as a means of preventing historical repetition.
  • One of the reasons for writing was to document the experience endured during adolescence, a period typically shielded from the realities of death and evil.
  • Survival was not a miracle, but an impetus to give meaning to it by documenting an experience devoid of sense.
  • The testimony serves as a moral obligation to prevent the erasure of the enemy's crimes from human memory.
  • Nazis aimed to eradicate Jews from society and erase their existence from history through mass killings and denial of burial.
  • Hitler's war was against Jewish people, religion, culture, tradition, and memory.

Bearing Witness

  • The author felt compelled to bear witness, despite lacking adequate words to convey the experiences.
  • Language became an obstacle and needed reinvention to describe the redefined meanings of words like hunger, fear, and fire.
  • Describing experiences such as the final journey in cattle cars and the inhumanity of the concentration camps proved challenging, as existing language felt inadequate.
  • There was a difficulty in articulating the vanishing of innocent lives and the tearing apart of families.
  • The witness believes that only those who experienced Auschwitz can truly comprehend it, while others may struggle to understand.
  • Comprehension is questioned, particularly whether those who value compassion and respect can understand the cruelty of the concentration camps.
  • Despite the difficulty, the author felt compelled to speak out, trusting that silence could transcend words.
  • The author acknowledges that testimonies may fall short of capturing the full weight of the experiences.

Publication Hurdles

  • The original Yiddish manuscript ("And the World Remained Silent") faced rejection from publishers despite François Mauriac's efforts.
  • The French version underwent edits by Jérôme Lindon, prioritizing substance over superfluous details.
  • Passages from the original Yiddish text, including reflections on faith and personal experiences, were omitted to maintain focus.
  • There were cynical musings in the Yiddish version, that faith is childish, trust is vain, and illusion is dangerous
  • Events surrounding the death of the author's father were deemed too personal and left between the lines.
  • There was a memory of the author failing to assist his father in his final moments due to fear, leading to lasting guilt and self-reproach.
  • The world is blamed for awakening the basest instincts within the author, turning him into a stranger.

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