Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary distinction between local and general shear failure in shallow foundations?

  • Local shear failure affects only a small area around the footing. (correct)
  • Local shear failure results in tilting, while general shear maintains footing level.
  • General shear failure is always associated with excessive settlement.
  • General shear failure occurs only in cohesive soils.

Which method is NOT typically associated with determining the bearing capacity of granular soils?

  • Rankine's theory (correct)
  • Terzaghi’s method
  • Static cone penetrometer test
  • Meyerhof’s method

The concept of a raft foundation is best described as which of the following?

  • A large concrete slab that distributes load over a wide area. (correct)
  • A deep foundation type that extends below the water table.
  • A foundation that is unsupported and floating on soft soil.
  • A foundation that relies solely on skin friction with the soil.

Which in-situ test is specifically designed to measure the bearing capacity of soil directly beneath a footing?

<p>Plate load test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a contact pressure distribution diagram beneath a footing?

<p>To understand how the load is transferred to the soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation

  • Local Shear Failure: Soil directly beneath the foundation yields and the failure zone is localized.
  • General Shear Failure: Failure zone extends outward from the foundation, causing a wider area of soil to yield.
  • Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Theory: A classical approach that calculates bearing capacity based on soil cohesion, friction angle, and foundation width and depth.
  • Skempton's Bearing Capacity Theory: Focuses on the influence of the foundation shape and depth on the bearing capacity.
  • Meyerhof's Bearing Capacity Theory: Refines Terzaghi's theory by incorporating factors for various foundation shapes and soil conditions.
  • BIS Method for Bearing Capacity: Indian Standard Code specifies bearing capacity based on soil properties and foundation geometry, includes safety factors.
  • Bearing Capacity of Granular Soils using SPT Value: The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) provides an in-situ assessment of the soil's resistance. Empirical correlations allow for estimating the bearing capacity using SPT N-values and soil properties.
  • Raft Foundation: A wide, rigid foundation that distributes the load over a large area, often used for heavy structures or poor soil conditions.
  • Floating Foundation: A foundation that rests on the soil's buoyant force, typically used where the soil is weak or compressible.
  • Plate Load Test: A direct in-situ method that involves applying a controlled load to a plate resting on soil and measuring the settlement, provides accurate bearing capacity for the specific location.
  • Static Cone Penetrometer (CPT): A device pushed into the soil to measure resistance, allows for assessing soil strength and bearing capacity at various depths.
  • Pressure Meter Test (PMT): An in-situ test that measures the soil's deformation under pressure, resulting in estimations of its strength and bearing capacity.
  • Contact Pressure Distribution Diagram: A graphical representation of the pressure distribution beneath the base of a footing, typically exhibiting a non-uniform distribution due to the soil's response to the load.

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