BE102 How Life Works 2 Lectures 11/12 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor influencing the solubility of gases in water?

  • Temperature of the water
  • Pressure of the gas (correct)
  • Volume of the gas
  • Presence of other solutes

What is the primary driving force for diffusion in respiratory systems?

  • Density gradients
  • Pressure gradients (correct)
  • Volume gradients
  • Temperature gradients

At higher elevations, why does the rate of oxygen diffusion into blood decrease?

  • Increased atmospheric pressure
  • Decreased partial pressure of oxygen
  • Decreased atmospheric pressure (correct)
  • Increased partial pressure of oxygen

Which characteristic is NOT shared by all respiratory organs?

<p>Thick, robust structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why nitrogen gas is usually ignored in the respiratory process?

<p>It does not affect atmospheric pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the percentage of gases at different altitudes?

<p>Remains the same regardless of altitude (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can damage arteries, leading to the formation of plaques and atherosclerosis?

<p>High cholesterol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of moving CO2 and O2 in opposite directions between the environment, bodily fluids, and cells called?

<p>Respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health condition can result in congestive heart failure due to reduced pumping activity?

<p>Myocardial infarction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What procedure involves using a healthy blood vessel to replace a blocked coronary artery?

<p>Coronary artery bypass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas constitutes 78% of air?

<p>Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can widen the lumen of narrowed vessels as stated in the text?

<p>Balloon angioplasty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood reflects?

<p>Amount of carbon dioxide produced by cells during metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the adaptations seen in individuals living in high altitudes?

<p>Higher number of red blood cells per volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom that may be induced in individuals with asthma?

<p>Difficulty breathing (wheezing) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of emphysema?

<p>Long-term smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does smoking impact the risk of lung cancer?

<p>Increases the risk of lung cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In individuals adapting to extended diving, what allows more blood oxygen to travel to critical structures?

<p>High amounts of myoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge for gas exchange in aquatic animals?

<p>Dense water over respiratory membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebrates rely on their skin for gas exchange under water?

<p>Amphibians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of external gills in aquatic animals?

<p>Uncovered and subject to damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of a circulatory system?

<p>Filtering oxygen from the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of closed circulatory systems?

<p>Blood flow can be selectively controlled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fish gills, what maximizes the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?

<p>Countercurrent exchange of water and blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In double circulation, what is the major advantage of having two different blood pressures in two different circuits?

<p>Reduces the workload on the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insect respiratory system directly delivers oxygen to body cells?

<p>Tracheal system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key feature distinguishes an open circulatory system from a closed circulatory system?

<p>Physical separation of blood and interstitial fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ventilation is used by amphibians to fill their lungs with air?

<p>Positive pressure filling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law relates gas volume and pressure?

<p>Boyle's law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding heart development important, according to the text?

<p>To address common heart-related birth defects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Tidal ventilation' refers to the process where:

<p>Air enters and leaves via the same route during breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of leukocytes in the blood?

<p>Defend the body against infection and disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of blood is responsible for forming blood clots?

<p>Platelets/thrombocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of surfactant in the respiratory system?

<p>Reduce surface tension in alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of respiratory pigments in oxygen transport?

<p>Increase the amount of oxygen available to cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart is described as electrically excitable and able to generate its own action potential?

<p><strong>Myogenic heart</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tbx5 expression in birds and mammals indicates high levels in which ventricle?

<p><strong>Left ventricle</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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