BE102 How Life Works 2 Lectures 11/12 Quiz

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What is the main factor influencing the solubility of gases in water?

Temperature of the water

Pressure of the gas (correct)

Volume of the gas

Presence of other solutes

What is the primary driving force for diffusion in respiratory systems?

Density gradients

Pressure gradients (correct)

Volume gradients

Temperature gradients

At higher elevations, why does the rate of oxygen diffusion into blood decrease?

Increased atmospheric pressure

Decreased partial pressure of oxygen

Decreased atmospheric pressure (correct)

Increased partial pressure of oxygen

Which characteristic is NOT shared by all respiratory organs?

Thick, robust structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why nitrogen gas is usually ignored in the respiratory process?

It does not affect atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the percentage of gases at different altitudes?

Remains the same regardless of altitude Signup and view all the answers

What can damage arteries, leading to the formation of plaques and atherosclerosis?

High cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of moving CO2 and O2 in opposite directions between the environment, bodily fluids, and cells called?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which health condition can result in congestive heart failure due to reduced pumping activity?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What procedure involves using a healthy blood vessel to replace a blocked coronary artery?

Coronary artery bypass Signup and view all the answers

What gas constitutes 78% of air?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What can widen the lumen of narrowed vessels as stated in the text?

Balloon angioplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood reflects?

Amount of carbon dioxide produced by cells during metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What are the adaptations seen in individuals living in high altitudes?

Higher number of red blood cells per volume Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom that may be induced in individuals with asthma?

Difficulty breathing (wheezing) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of emphysema?

Long-term smoking Signup and view all the answers

How does smoking impact the risk of lung cancer?

Increases the risk of lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

In individuals adapting to extended diving, what allows more blood oxygen to travel to critical structures?

High amounts of myoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge for gas exchange in aquatic animals?

Dense water over respiratory membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebrates rely on their skin for gas exchange under water?

Amphibians Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of external gills in aquatic animals?

Uncovered and subject to damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of a circulatory system?

Filtering oxygen from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of closed circulatory systems?

Blood flow can be selectively controlled Signup and view all the answers

In fish gills, what maximizes the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?

Countercurrent exchange of water and blood flow Signup and view all the answers

In double circulation, what is the major advantage of having two different blood pressures in two different circuits?

Reduces the workload on the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which insect respiratory system directly delivers oxygen to body cells?

Tracheal system Signup and view all the answers

What key feature distinguishes an open circulatory system from a closed circulatory system?

Physical separation of blood and interstitial fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ventilation is used by amphibians to fill their lungs with air?

Positive pressure filling Signup and view all the answers

What law relates gas volume and pressure?

Boyle's law Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding heart development important, according to the text?

To address common heart-related birth defects Signup and view all the answers

'Tidal ventilation' refers to the process where:

Air enters and leaves via the same route during breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of leukocytes in the blood?

Defend the body against infection and disease Signup and view all the answers

What component of blood is responsible for forming blood clots?

Platelets/thrombocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of surfactant in the respiratory system?

Reduce surface tension in alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of respiratory pigments in oxygen transport?

Increase the amount of oxygen available to cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart is described as electrically excitable and able to generate its own action potential?

Myogenic heart Signup and view all the answers

Tbx5 expression in birds and mammals indicates high levels in which ventricle?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers