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Which of the following is NOT considered a deliverable of a project?

  • Project Plan
  • Risk Management (correct)
  • The IT Solution
  • Business Case

    • What is one key principle of Scientific Management?

  • Breaking down tasks to identify efficient methods (correct)
  • Maximizing the satisfaction of worker needs
  • Focusing on the emotional well-being of staff
  • Emphasizing teamwork and collaboration

    • What aspect did Taylor's Scientific Management largely overlook?

  • The efficiency of workflows
  • The economic impact of management
  • Human factors and worker motivation (correct)
  • The analysis of production data

    • What is the primary definition of quality in project quality management?

    <p>Meeting customer needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which TQM guru developed a set of 14 Points for Quality Management?

    <p>W. Edwards Deming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In project quality management, what does 'grade' focus on?

    <p>The intent of the design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joseph Juran is known for introducing which of the following concepts?

    <p>The Quality Trilogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is quality management planning important in a project?

    <p>It ensures that proper time is allocated for testing and compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one result of the labor practices emphasized by Scientific Management?

    <p>Increased formation of labor unions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does quality assurance play in project quality management?

    <p>Auditing to ensure adherence to quality management processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach emphasizes making management decisions based on facts rather than intuition?

    <p>Total Quality Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should quality standards be determined in project quality management?

    <p>Through collaboration with customers and stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented in a project quality plan?

    <p>Quality standards, processes, metrics, and tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Deming and Juran contribute to Japan's manufacturing reputation after WWII?

    <p>Through the introduction of systematic quality management principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of quality management is concerned with identifying best practices for continuous improvement?

    <p>Lessons Learned Documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a project team have to consider regarding quality standards?

    <p>Sacrificing quality for faster product delivery may appeal to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a mature software organization?

    <p>Processes are defined and communicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a quality dimension that can serve as a standard for software products?

    <p>Frugality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the purposes of establishing metrics in a mature software organization?

    <p>To gauge quality and identify defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which CMMI level are basic policies and processes for managing a software project established?

    <p>Level 2: Repeatable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Level 1: Initial in CMMI?

    <p>Processes are ad hoc and reactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a mature software organization utilize past projects?

    <p>To establish budgets and schedules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of a customer-driven quality assurance plan?

    <p>Identifying and translating customer requirements into metrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a reactive project environment?

    <p>Processes are ad hoc and decisions are made in response to crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the Level 5 software process maturity?

    <p>Continuous process improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key process area is NOT associated with Level 3 of software maturity?

    <p>Process Change Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Project Quality Management Plan primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Ensure adherence to customer-defined quality standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key principle emphasizes prevention over inspection in quality management?

    <p>Defect Prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level is Software Configuration Management a key process area?

    <p>Level 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is focused on measuring and assessing productivity and quality?

    <p>Quantitative Process Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fundamental aspect of quality philosophies in project management?

    <p>Quality is everyone's responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of corrective action when non-conformances are identified?

    <p>Ensure compliance with standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are standards primarily established to provide?

    <p>Technical specifications for ensuring product purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of metric mentioned?

    <p>Financial metrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the measurement of defects in processes used for product development?

    <p>Process metrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metric addresses the 'fitness for use' of project deliverables?

    <p>Project metrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a failure to comply with a requirement in the context of software development?

    <p>Defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metrics focuses on the characteristics of a project's final product?

    <p>Product metrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In quality assurance, what is the purpose of auditing and evaluating quality control measurements?

    <p>To establish operational definitions and standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bug' commonly refer to in software development?

    <p>A defect that causes system failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of verification in a project?

    <p>Assessing whether the product meets specified requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of review focuses on the conformance of the IT solution to specified requirements?

    <p>Technical review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a management review primarily compare?

    <p>The project's actual progress against the baseline project plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of validation in project management?

    <p>To confirm the system meets customer or client's expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common type of testing used to support validation?

    <p>Systematic Testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Control Charts primarily indicate about a process?

    <p>The variability of a particular process over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the project manager during the management review?

    <p>Presenting the project's progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a business review in project management?

    <p>To confirm the IT solution provides required functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Project Quality Management

    • Quality is defined as "fitness for use" and "conformance to requirements", encompassing dependability and safety alongside functionality.
    • Project teams must collaborate with stakeholders to establish acceptable quality standards and grades.
    • Grade focuses on the intent of the design, while quality considers functionality and performance. High functionality doesn't guarantee high quality, and vice-versa.
    • Project Quality Management (PQM) encompasses processes & activities ensuring project objectives are met.
    • PQM starts by defining quality standards (grades & tolerances). Consider if customers/users will prioritize speed over product quality.
    • Project Quality Planning involves identifying critical requirements, documenting adherence, and allocating resources for testing.

    Project Quality Management Planning

    • Quality Management Planning documents compliance metrics, processes, & methods for quality assurance.
    • Plans should include adequate time and budget allocation for quality processes.
    • Quality Assurance focuses on auditing compliance with the quality management plan and tracking improvement metrics.

    Scientific Management

    • Scientific Management (Taylorism) analyzes workflows to maximize efficiency.
    • Taylor emphasized worker specialization and task simplification to boost productivity, but also efficiency.
    • Believed increased efficiency would lead to higher profits.

    Total Quality Management (TQM) Gurus

    • W. Edwards Deming: Developed 14 points for quality management; his focus was on applying statistical methods to avoid costly inspections and boost quality by empowering workers.
    • Joseph Juran: Introduced "Quality Trilogy" to focus on managing quality planning, improvement, and control.
    • Philip Crosby: Emphasized a top-down approach where management sets the quality example for others to follow, and that quality is primarily conformance to specifications.

    Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI)

    • CMMI is a framework for developing & refining software development processes.
    • It defines five maturity levels, progressing from improvised (initial) to optimizing (highest) stages.
    • Level 1 (Initial): Characterized by reactive processes and project success hinging on individual contributors.
    • Level 2 (Repeatable): Processes are documented, but lack standardization and consistency.
    • Level 3 (Defined): Standardized processes are established, leading to greater efficiency and consistency.
    • Level 4 (Managed): Quantitative data is used to monitor and improve process metrics, resulting in predictable outcomes.
    • Level 5 (Optimizing): Continuous process improvements are the focus, using data analysis to constantly refine systems.

    Project Quality Management Plan

    • A Project Quality Plan guides organizations towards creating superior products/services.
    • The plan outlines acceptable quality levels, methodologies for achieving them, and roles/responsibilities.
    • The plan should identify quality philosophies & principles, relevant quality standards, processes, and metrics.

    Quality Control and Additional Quality Control Tools

    • Quality control focuses on identifying & fixing quality issues.
    • Tools like flowcharts/process maps can be useful to track/identify/solve problems/bottlenecks in a process.

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