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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the purpose of a permanent medical record?

  • A record of a person's employment history and qualifications within healthcare.
  • A summary of a patient's insurance coverage and billing information.
  • A legal document outlining a patient's rights and responsibilities during their hospital stay.
  • A chronologic account of a person's illnesses/injury, the care provided, and the patient's response to treatments from admission to discharge or death. (correct)

The Joint Commission (TJC) accreditation is MOST dependent on which of the following?

  • Adherence to criteria that demonstrate the delivery of quality patient care. (correct)
  • The facility's financial performance and profitability.
  • The facility's marketing strategies and patient acquisition rate.
  • The number of research publications produced by the facility's staff.

A hospital department is undergoing an audit by TJC. Which outcome would MOST likely cause TJC to withdraw their approval?

  • Minor discrepancies in employee timecard records.
  • Slightly outdated décor in patient waiting areas.
  • A temporary shortage of certain office supplies.
  • The company being non-compliant with established quality care standards. (correct)

Which aspect of nursing documentation is MOST critical for The Joint Commission (TJC) accreditation?

<p>Evidence of initial assessment and reassessments of patient needs, along with discharge planning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is complete and consistent documentation MOST important for reimbursement and utilization review?

<p>It serves as proof that the care and supplies billed for were actually provided/used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following documentation practices would have the MOST negative impact on reimbursement?

<p>Undocumented, incomplete, or inconsistent documentation of care provided. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the American Nurses Association (ANA) Scope and Standards of Practice relate to documentation?

<p>Most of the ANA standards include documentation requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the ANA standards, what characteristic should be present when documenting expected outcomes?

<p>They should be measurable goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client's chart indicates a need for scheduled, PRN, and STAT medications. Where would a nurse find this information documented?

<p>Medication Administration Record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is being discharged. Which document would contain a summary of the patient education provided during their stay, including their understanding of the material?

<p>Teaching Summary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is unable to make their own healthcare decisions, which document provides instructions about the client's choices for care?

<p>Advance Directive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of multidisciplinary progress notes?

<p>To outline the client's ongoing status, response to care, and potential plan modifications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse needs to quickly determine a patient's recent fluid intake and output. Which document would be MOST helpful?

<p>Graphic Sheet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would a nurse document the specific details of a wound assessment, including size, appearance, and drainage?

<p>Nursing Notes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new patient is admitted. Which of the following forms is used to gather baseline information about the client's health patterns and initial physical condition?

<p>Nursing Admission Data Base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A doctor orders a new medication for a client. Where would the nurse look to find the dosage, frequency, and route of administration?

<p>Physician's Orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing a patient for discharge and needs to ensure that necessary referral services are in place. Where would this information be documented?

<p>Discharge Plan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient's lab results return, showing a concerning trend. Where would you find these results in the patient chart?

<p>Laboratory and Diagnostic Reports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is reviewing a patient's chart and notes inconsistent information between the physician's progress notes and the nursing documentation. What is the most appropriate initial action for the nurse to take?

<p>Consult with the charge nurse or supervisor to determine the best course of action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient recovering from surgery has a PCA pump for pain management. The nurse notes that the patient is consistently exceeding the hourly limit of the medication. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

<p>Assess the patient's pain level and respiratory status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a patient and discovers that the prescribed dose is significantly higher than the usual recommended dose. What is the nurse's priority action?

<p>Consult with the pharmacist and provider to verify the dosage before administering the medication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a patient with Down syndrome who has undergone surgery. When documenting the patient's pain level, what adaptation should the nurse make to ensure accurate assessment?

<p>Use a simplified pain scale with faces or descriptive words to facilitate communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for documenting patient care thoroughly and accurately?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following charting notations is the most accurate and objective description of a patient's wound?

<p>&quot;Wound measures 3 cm in diameter, with moderate serous drainage and no signs of infection.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is giving a verbal hand-off report to the oncoming nurse. What information is most essential to include in the report?

<p>The patient's current vital signs, active orders, recent changes in condition, and planned interventions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is reviewing a new medication order that is unclear and potentially contains an error. What is the nurse's best course of action?

<p>Contact the prescribing provider to clarify the order before administering the medication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of diabetes is admitted with hyperglycemia. To effectively track the patient's glucose levels and related interventions using a source-oriented medical record, what approach would be necessary?

<p>Examine notes from nurses, dietitians, and physicians to gather a complete picture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a legal challenge, how would a patient's medical record be used to determine if treatments were carried out appropriately?

<p>To assess documentation of the patient's baseline status, changes, analysis, actions taken, and response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of standardized nursing language within Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contribute to improved patient care and professional accountability?

<p>It ensures consistent terminology, making nursing care visible and easier to follow, while also supporting data analysis for evidence-based practice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse documents an assessment finding using a non-standard abbreviation that is misunderstood by a covering physician, leading to a delay in appropriate treatment. This situation primarily violates which principle of documentation?

<p>Promoting interdisciplinary communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary advantage of using Electronic Health Records (EHRs) over traditional paper-based records in healthcare settings?

<p>EHRs enhance communication and collaboration among healthcare providers and offer increased access to legible information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is caring for a patient with complex care needs. The nurse wants to ensure all relevant data regarding the patient's condition and response to treatment is readily accessible to all members of the healthcare team. Which documentation method would be MOST effective in achieving this goal?

<p>Electronic Health Record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare facility is implementing a new Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. What is a key consideration to ensure the EHR supports quality and performance improvement initiatives, as outlined in Standard 14—Quality of Practice?

<p>Implementing a standardized nursing language within the EHR to facilitate data analysis and evidence-based practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is called to testify in a malpractice lawsuit regarding the care provided to a patient who developed a pressure ulcer during a hospital stay. What aspects of the nurse's documentation will be MOST scrutinized by the legal team?

<p>Documentation reflecting the patient's baseline skin assessment, risk factors, preventative measures implemented, and ongoing monitoring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient refuses to take their scheduled oral medication. According to protocol, what is the correct procedure for documenting this refusal?

<p>Document the refusal in the nursing notes, circle the time/date square on the MAR, and in the computer, select 'not given' and indicate patient refusal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios requires the completion of an incident (occurrence) report?

<p>A staff member accidentally experiences a needlestick injury while administering an injection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient's medication order includes a dosage range for an IV heart medication that requires titration based on the patient's blood pressure. What specific documentation is essential for this type of medication order?

<p>Documenting both the blood pressure readings and adjustments made during the titration process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient was scheduled to receive a dose of antibiotics at 0900, but was at dialysis during that time and did not receive it. What documentation is required?

<p>Documenting in the nursing notes that the medication was not given due to dialysis, and marking it as 'omitted' in the MAR. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse discovers a patient tripped over an oxygen cord and fell. What information should the nurse include in the incident report?

<p>A brief, objective description of the fall, including the time, location, any witnesses, and the patient's statements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In home healthcare, what is the primary purpose of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) form?

<p>To determine a patient's eligibility and need for continued home healthcare services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is admitted to home health care. Which of the following criteria must be met to ensure coverage under Medicare/Medicaid?

<p>The patient must have a physician's order and meet the criteria for homebound status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What info should be documented regarding injections?

<p>Location of the injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In long-term care (LTC) settings, what is the typical frequency for documenting routine patient services such as wound care, assuming no complications arise?

<p>Daily documentation for services, with a weekly summary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. Government program(s) typically require more detailed documentation in long-term care (LTC) settings?

<p>Medicare and Medicaid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the extensive assessment form that must be completed for residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities upon admission and periodically thereafter?

<p>Minimum Data Set for Resident Care and Screening (MDS). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is typically included in a weekly summary of a long-term care (LTC) resident's documentation?

<p>Documentation on elimination, activity levels, and communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In long-term care, how does the frequency of medication administration record (MAR) documentation typically differ from that in acute care settings?

<p>MARs are documented monthly in long-term care and daily in acute care. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym SBAR stand for, in the context of a change-of-shift report?

<p>Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When providing a change-of-shift report, what information should the nurse clarify before the end of the report?

<p>Clarify anything unclear and ask questions about pertinent information not covered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym MBAR stand for, concerning patient transfers?

<p>Medications, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Documentation

Written or electronic record of patient's health status, care, and outcomes.

Nurses must be able to

To communicate patient care clearly, concisely, comprehensively, and accurately.

Documentation ABC's

Accurate, Bias-free, Complete, Detailed, Easy to read, Factual, Grammatical, Harmless (legally), I am responsible.

Medical Records

A collection of documented events during an admission regarding a patient’s health and progress.

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Documentation Importance

Permanent record used as evidence in court.

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Purpose of Documentation

To share information among healthcare workers and to provide continuity of patient care.

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Appendectomy

Inflammation of the appendix, requiring surgical removal.

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Steven Vital Signs

99.9°F (37.7°C); pulse, 104 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min; and blood pressure 104/68 mm Hg.

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Permanent Record

A chronological account of a person's illnesses/injury, the care provided, and the patient’s response to treatments/interventions from admission to discharge or death.

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Quality Improvement

Used to evaluate the quality of care, patient safety, and to verify that healthcare providers meet licensure requirements.

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The Joint Commission (TJC)

Establishes criteria that reflects what a facility should be doing to demonstrate they are providing quality care for a patient.

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Reimbursement and Utilization Review

To determine cost of care. Companies will request documentation proving that care/supplies billed for was actually done/used. Undocumented inaccurate documentation may result in denial of payment.

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Education and Research

Used by students to prepare for clinical, in research to further

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Standards of Care

ANA Scope and Standards of care have documentation in most of the standards.

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Standard 1—Assessment

Document relevant data accurately and in a manner accessible to the interprofessional team.

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Standard 2—Diagnosis

Document diagnoses, problems, and issues in a manner that facilitates the determination of the expected outcomes and plan

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Medical Record (Legal)

A legal record used in court to determine if treatments were appropriate and timely. Lawyers review baseline status, changes, actions, and client response.

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Standardized Nursing Language

Using consistent nursing terminology to ensure nursing care is visible and easily followed from admission to discharge.

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Nursing Research Support

Documentation systems that use a standard format allows analysis of large data amounts to support evidenced-based practice.

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Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

Computerized charts improve communication, access, legibility, and consistency. Prompts reduce omissions.

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Source-Oriented Record

Traditional medical record with tabs for each department; data may be scattered and fragmented.

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Medical Records as Legal Record

Evidence that treatments/interventions were carried out in an appropriate and timely manner.

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Standardized Nursing Language Supports Research

Can easily analyze large amounts of data to support evidenced based practices.

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Electronic Health Records (EHR)- chart locations

Computerized charts located at the nurse's station, in the patient rooms, handheld, or on wheels (COW).

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Injection Documentation

Note injection sites in medication documentation.

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Medication Refusal

Circle time/date on MAR and note in nursing notes if patient refuses medication.

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Omitted/Delayed Meds

Document why medications were omitted or delayed (e.g., dialysis, appointment).

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24-Hour Summary

Quick reference for current patient information, updated with changes.

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Integrated Plan of Care

Written list of client's assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation, revised as condition changes.

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Incident Reports

Document out-of-ordinary events involving patient, family, staff, or equipment.

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Incident Report Details

Identify client, date, time, and location; describe objectively; quote involved persons; list witnesses and equipment.

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Home Health Regs

Ensures patient meets criteria for home healthcare, including homebound status, plan of care, and ongoing assessment.

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Admission Data

Client's name, DOB, address, contact information, admitting diagnosis.

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Advance Directive

Instructions for care if the client cannot make decisions.

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History and Physical Examination

Physician's review of health problems, exam results, diagnosis, and treatment plan.

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Physician's Orders

Orders for tests, diet, activity, meds, IV fluids, and procedures.

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Progress Notes

Client's status, response to care, and changes to the care plan.

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Nursing Admission Data Base

Baseline health patterns and initial assessment findings.

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Nursing Plan of Care

Client problems, goals, and directions for care.

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Graphic Sheet

Trends in vital signs, weight, and fluid balance.

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Daily Assessment Flow Sheet

Physical assessment findings and routine care provided each shift.

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Medication Administration Record (MAR)

Drug name, date, time, route, frequency, and nurse administering the medication.

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Nursing Process Documentation

A systematic way of documenting patient care in long-term care facilities.

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Minimum Data Set (MDS)

An extensive assessment form required for residents upon admission and every three months in long-term care.

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LTC Weekly Summary

A summary documenting elimination, activity, communication, support, nutrition, and prostheses.

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SBAR

A standardized report form used during handoff, which includes situation, background, assessment, and recommendations.

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MBAR Report

Report given when a patient is transferred.

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Change of Shift Report

Client name, age, room number, physician and diagnosis

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Vital Signs / Assessment

Range in vital signs, abnormal assessment data.

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Characteristics of Pain, Medication

Medication name, amount, time last administered, and outcome achieved.

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Study Notes

  • Documentation and reporting are essential nursing skills for communicating patient care.
  • Nurses must clearly, concisely, and accurately communicate patient care through verbal reporting and written documentation.

ABC's of Documentation

  • Documentation should be accurate, bias-free, complete, detailed, easy to read, factual, grammatical, harmless legally, and demonstrate responsibility.

Importance of Documentation

  • Medical records are a collection of documented events during a patient's admission, reflecting their health and progress.
  • Medical records are permanent and can be used as evidence in court.
  • Documentation facilitates information sharing among health care workers for continuity of care and patient safety.
  • It serves as a chronological account of a person's illnesses/injury, care provided, and the patient's response from admission to discharge or death.
  • Documentation is kept for future reference, such as readmissions.
  • Documentation helps evaluate care quality, patient safety, and healthcare providers' compliance with licensure requirements.
  • Documentation is part of the criteria used by The Joint Commission (TJC)c to ensure facilities provide quality care.
  • TJC requires nursing documentation for accreditation, including assessments (physical, psychological, social) and the client's ability to manage continuing care needs.
  • Documentation includes identification of nursing diagnoses/client needs, and planned interventions or nursing standards.
  • Various agencies, like insurance companies, use documentation to determine the cost of care and companies may deny payment if lacking.
  • Students use documentation for clinical preparation and research.
  • ANA (American Nurses Association) standards of care emphasize documentation.
  • Accurate data should be documented, diagnoses and problems should be documented, goals and outcomes should be documented, and planning should be documented using standardized terms.
  • Legal records are evidence in court to assess the appropriateness of treatments/interventions.
  • Legal professionals review baseline status, changes, actions, and the client's response.
  • Medical records can be used in malpractice or negligence cases and anything unreadable cannot be used.
  • Standardized terminology ensures visible and easier-to-follow nursing care.
  • EHRs (Electronic Health Records) leverage this for data-driven, evidenced-based practices.

Documentation Methods

Source Oriented Records

  • Source-oriented records have tabs for each discipline.
  • A source oriented record allows for easy location of information from various departments.
  • Information is scattered, fragmented, and difficult to consolidate without reviewing multiple sections when using source oriented records.
  • Source-oriented records make it difficult to track treatments and outcomes for specific problems.

Electronic Health Records (EHR)

  • Computerized charts are accessible at the nurse's station, in patient rooms, handheld, or on wheels.
  • EHR charting improves communication, access to information, and has legible information.
  • EHRs automatically record the date/time, use consistent abbreviations, prompt nurses for specific information.
  • EHRs save time, reduce storage, and enhances data retrieval.
  • Quality of care is improved and there are fewer errors with EHRs.
  • Data collection is enabled for evidenced-based practice with EHRs.
  • Confidential information is secure with tracking systems, passwords, and screen protectors/savers as part of EHRs.
  • Limitations include computer illiteracy, forms that don't accommodate narrative documentation and susceptibility to hacking.
  • Further limitations include high initial costs, reliance on backup systems during power outages, and integration issues across departments with EHRs.

Charting by Exception (CBE)

  • The assumption is that all standards have been met and that only the norms are defined on the form and that only significant problems or abnormalities are documented.
  • Decreases time charting but must have intimate knowledge organizations
  • Can lead to important info being omitted due to the nurse's perception of normal.

Nursing Notes and Formats

  • Narrative notes write information chronologically like a journal.

  • Flowsheets document recurring tasks like I/O, ADLs, vitals, and post-op details.

  • Graphics monitor trends and can be a good way to track output or vitals.

  • Problem-Oriented Medical Records- is a database of objective, subjective, and care plan progress notes.

  • SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan), PIE (Problem, Intervention, Evaluation), and DAR (Data, Action, Response) are examples of progress notes.

  • SOAP charting includes subjective and objective, followed by an assessment of the problem, then the care plan.

  • PIE charting identifies the problem then the intervention, then the evaluation.

  • ADPIE is similar to PIE, but also adds analysis and diagnosis of the problem.

  • DAR charting tracks the data, and documents the analysis and action, and how the patient responded.

  • Nursing process/clinical judgement model should be used to ensure all pertinent areas are covered when using any format of documenting.

  • Nurses provide 24/7 care, hence are responsible for maintaining accurate records to give healthcare team members info on the patient.

Abbreviations

  • TJC advises nurses to avoid using abbreviations in hospitals.

Documents

  • Medical records include an array of standardized forms, each with specific purposes and guidelines.
  • Admission data includes client's information, a chart for emergency contacts, and the admitting diagnosis.
  • Advance directives outline patient choices for care.
  • History and physical exam documents the physician's review of the client's health problems, examination results, and treatment plan.
  • Physician's orders specify lab tests, diet, medications, IV fluids, and procedures.
  • Physician progress notes describe the client's status/response to care.
  • The Nursing admission database captures baseline information on a client's needs.
  • Nursing care plans outline client problems, goals, and care directions.
  • Graphic sheets trend in the clients vitals, daily vitals, and more.
  • Nursing notes detail the subjectivity and objectivity about the client as determined by the nurse.
  • Medication Administration Records (MAR)- document medications given: PRN, scheduled, STAT, etc. Injections must be located. Any allergies must be recorded.
  • Labs include results of the chart from tests in the hospital

Communication

  • Change of shift reports - SBAR (Situation, background, assessment, recommendation) is commonly used.
  • Nurses must be on time and must keep the notes to be inclusive.
  • If you are transferring a patient you use MBAR (Medications, Background, Assessment, and recommendations)
  • Change of shit reports include: client name, physician, assessment, plan, date of birth;
  • Verbal orders should only come in emergencies or to a provider.
  • Use another nurse as a witness and verbally repeat to confirm.
  • Note the date and time of VO followed by the nurses signature.
  • If there's questions about a prescription, follow the policy and call MD
  • Workplace confidentiality is very important for charts, room, and computers.
  • Passwords are crucial and shouldn't be shared.
  • Telephone calls should be professional by immediately introducing yourself.

Documentation Tips

  • Know the facilities policy before documenting.
  • Always use the right chart and always document very chart for more up to date charting.
  • Always use military chart format and document in the correct way.
  • Paper records should be checked for name and identification.
  • Inks should be black or blue.
  • Use clear and concise language.

Social Media

  • Nurses using social media should also be aware of their audience by posting professionally and securely.

Documentation Errors

  • Failing to document
  • Subjectivity when writing
  • Improper notes
  • Sloppy handwriting errors

Home Health and long term care documentation

  • HCFA regulates medicare and medicaid which has home health care benefits that can be documented.
  • The data set must be filled every three months and should follow the proper standards.

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