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Questions and Answers

The follicle and straight hair is typically what shape?

  • Flat
  • Oval
  • Round (correct)
  • Square

    • People with lighter colored hair have melanin in the?

    cortex only

    If the amount of pheomelanin is very concentrated and near the cuticle layer, the hair will appear more?

    red

    What helps protect the hair and skin from becoming too dry?

    <p>sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair color is influenced by the amount, size, and distribution of?

    <p>eumelanin and pheomelanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair grows from a tube-like pocket called a root sheath or a?

    <p>follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technical name for the hair of the eyebrows is known as?

    <p>supercilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eumelanin is the type of melanin that produces?

    <p>brown/black hair color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hair growth stage when all cell division stops is the?

    <p>catagen stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three major layers of the hair are the medulla, cortex, and?

    <p>cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle that causes the hair to stand on end when a person is scared or cold is known as the?

    <p>arrector pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central core of the hair shaft, sometimes missing in fine or very fine hair, is the?

    <p>medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The acid mantle maintains the natural pH of hair and skin and protects the?

    <p>cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total lack of pigmentation in the hair and skin called?

    <p>albinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diameter of a hair fiber will be the same as?

    <p>the inside diameter of the hair follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of hair turning gray is most commonly caused by?

    <p>the natural aging process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We're looking through a microscope, which portion of the hair would display living cells?

    <p>hair bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layer of hair consisting of unique protein structures that give the hair most of its pigment and strength is called the?

    <p>cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair that has been pulled out from the roots can grow back under which of the following circumstances?

    <p>the papilla has not been destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair color is darker during which stage of growth?

    <p>anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term identifies the outer covering of the hair shaft made up of overlapping layers of transparent scales?

    <p>cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions is not one of the main purposes of hair?

    <p>support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two primary parts of the hair are the hair fiber and the?

    <p>hair root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The papilla supplies nourishment to the?

    <p>germinal matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hair follicle that produces tightly curled hair is typically?

    <p>elliptical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The active growing stage of hair lasts from?

    <p>2-6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gray hair is sometimes referred to as?

    <p>mottled hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catagen, a brief transitional stage of hair growth, lasts for what amount of time?

    <p>only a few weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stimulation of the onset of telogen stage or causing the production of abnormal brittle hair can be caused by?

    <p>disease and medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The resting stage of hair growth, when the hair bulb has no attached root sheath, is referred to as the?

    <p>telogen stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis takes place in the area of the hair bulb called the?

    <p>germinal matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair that is 90% cortex and 10% cuticle when compared to hair that is 40% cuticle would be considered to be more?

    <p>more elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hard, resistant layer of protein that protects the hair shaft is the?

    <p>cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gray hair is caused by?

    <p>reduced color pigment in the cortex layer of the hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lips, soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and eyelids do not have?

    <p>hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Melanin is found mainly in which part of the hair?

    <p>cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portion of hair that extends above the skin surface?

    <p>hair fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which large hair structure is located at the base of the hair follicle?

    <p>papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the shape of the hair shaft as it grows?

    <p>the shape of the hair follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is another name for cell division?

    <p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three factors that affect the behavior of hair are heredity, products or appliances, and?

    <p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cross-section, or diameter, of the hair shaft is much larger in coarse hair than?

    <p>fine hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors does not affect hair growth?

    <p>frequent exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human hair, on average, grows about?

    <p>1/2 inch (1.25 cm) per month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia is the technical term for?

    <p>eyelash hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bundles called melanosomes are formed by?

    <p>melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the telogen, or resting stage of hair growth last?

    <p>3 to 4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hair bulb itself is nearly doubled back over the follicle in a growth shape resembling a golf club in?

    <p>tightly curled hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technical term for the study of hair is called?

    <p>trichology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stages is known as the active growing stage of hair?

    <p>anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hair color is at the greatest risk for sun damage and can turn yellow from too much exposure?

    <p>white hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when sebum produced by the oil glands mixes with the body's perspiration?

    <p>acid mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural flow or wave pattern of hair determined by?

    <p>the angle of the follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technical name for the hair of the head is known as?

    <p>capilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive matting of the hair is referred to as?

    <p>plica polonica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive amounts of terminal hair found in women in areas of the body where men usually get hair, such as the face, back, abdomen, and chest, is a condition called?

    <p>hirsuties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal dry hair is capable of being stretched about how much of its length?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a cosmetologist handle a situation when areas of enlarged open follicles surrounded by clusters of red spots, indicating tinea capitis, are observed?

    <p>refer the client to a physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short, fine, non-pigmented hair is replaced with terminal hair around the time of?

    <p>puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hair color generally has the highest number of hairs per square inch on the head?

    <p>blond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The name given to grayness or whiteness of the hair is?

    <p>canities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Baldness that occurs early in life, beginning as early as late adolescence, is referred to as?

    <p>alopecia prematura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The degree of coarseness or fineness of the hair fiber is referred to as?

    <p>texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The premature shedding of hair in the resting stage, which can be the result of childbirth, shock, drug intake, or fever, is?

    <p>telogen effluvium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of hair loss refers to the loss of hair over the entire scalp and body?

    <p>alopecia areata universalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disorder that refers to thick, crusty patches of red irritated scalp is known as?

    <p>psoriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may need to be done to hair in a dry climate to reduce static and soften the hair fiber?

    <p>surface conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tinea is the medical term for?

    <p>ringworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the layers of the cuticle are very close together, the hair has which type of porosity?

    <p>resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of active hair follicles per square inch on the scalp refers to?

    <p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pliability, buoyancy, and springiness are words that could be used when talking with your client to describe?

    <p>elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scalp disease might be present if prior to a service, several dry, yellow, encrusted areas on the scalp are noticed along with a peculiar odor?

    <p>tinea favosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedural step is generally used to determine if hair loss may be identified as androgenetic alopecia?

    <p>ask questions about family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The baby fine, silky hair that is shed shortly after birth and replaced with vellus is known as?

    <p>lanugo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common form of hair loss in both men and women is?

    <p>androgenetic alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions results in a situation in which alternating bands of gray and dark hair exist?

    <p>ringed hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Traction alopecia can be caused by?

    <p>tight cornrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Male pattern baldness takes the shape of?

    <p>a horseshoe-shaped fringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The medical term for greasy or waxy dandruff is?

    <p>pityriasis steatoides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hair loss caused by excessive pulling or twisting on the hair or by chemical damage?

    <p>traction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair that has a combination of two or more different porosities is referred to as?

    <p>uneven porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An abnormal coverage of hair on the areas of the body where normally only lanugo, or baby fine hair, appears, is a condition also known as?

    <p>hypertrichosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extreme porosity describes hair that has been damaged by the environment or?

    <p>overprocessed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dandruff flakes attached to the scalp or on the hair, which can appear translucent, are called?

    <p>pityriasis capitits simplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-medical options for hair loss include?

    <p>wigs or toupees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oily flakes combined with sebum, which stick to the scalp in clusters, are known as?

    <p>greasy dandruff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Products claiming hair regrowth or hair loss prevention cannot be marketed without which agency's prior review and approval?

    <p>FDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technical term for broken hair is?

    <p>abraded hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total loss of hair on the scalp is referred to as?

    <p>alopecia areata totalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair with normal ability to absorb moisture is said to have what kind of porosity?

    <p>average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Light, medium, and heavy are words to describe which of the following hair characteristics?

    <p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disorder that refers to a chronic scalp condition with excessive flaking, which accumulates on the scalp or falls to the shoulders is called dandruff or?

    <p>pityriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short, fine, nonpigmented hair that covers most of the body is called?

    <p>vellus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temporary hair loss occurring at the conclusion of pregnancy is?

    <p>postpartum alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A condition in which beads or nodes form on the hair shaft is called?

    <p>monilethrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Small cracks starting in the cuticle and splitting the hair entirely are known as brittle hair, fragilitis crinium, or?

    <p>trichoptilosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In androgenetic alopecia, a combination of heredity, hormones, and age causes?

    <p>shrinking or miniaturization of certain scalp follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of hair that should be parted and wrapped around a perm rod, roller, or curling iron is influenced by?

    <p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An infestation of head lice on the scalp is called?

    <p>pediculosis capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions refers to the ability of hair to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking?

    <p>elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hair Structure and Composition

    • Follicles and straight hair typically have a round shape.
    • The outer covering of the hair shaft is known as the cuticle, made of overlapping layers of transparent scales.
    • The three major layers of hair are the medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
    • Hair color is determined by the amounts and distribution of eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (red).
    • Hair fibers consist of approximately 90% cortex and 10% cuticle, influencing hair strength and elasticity.

    Hair Growth Stages

    • Anagen is the active growth stage, lasting 2-6 years, during which hair is darker.
    • Catagen is a brief transitional stage when cell division stops, lasting a few weeks.
    • Telogen is the resting stage lasting 3-4 months, marked by no attached root sheath.
    • In tightly curled hair, the hair bulb resembles a golf club shape.
    • Hair loss during the resting stage can be caused by factors such as disease, medications, or significant stress.

    Hair Health and Disorders

    • Sebum helps protect hair and skin from dryness by maintaining moisture.
    • The acid mantle protects the cuticle and maintains natural pH in hair and skin.
    • Albinism is defined as a total lack of pigmentation in hair and skin.
    • Tinea capitis is a fungal infection presenting with enlarged open follicles and red spots.
    • Psoriasis refers to thick, crusty patches on the scalp, indicating irritation.

    Hair Characteristics and Types

    • Hair with fine diameter is referred to as vellus, while terminal hair appears in more pronounced areas after puberty.
    • Gray hair, caused by reduced pigments, can also be termed as mottled hair.
    • Hair density refers to the number of active follicles per square inch on the scalp.
    • Hair texture pertains to the degree of coarseness or fineness in hair fibers.

    Hair Loss Conditions

    • Androgenetic alopecia is the most common hair loss type in men and women, influenced by hormones and genetics.
    • Traction alopecia results from excessive pulling or twisting of hair.
    • Alopecia areata universalis refers to total loss of hair across the body.
    • Telogen effluvium is premature shedding during the resting stage and can result from childbirth or shock.

    Additional Concepts

    • The papilla nourishes the germinal matrix, crucial for hair growth.
    • Melanocytes produce melanosomes that create pigmentation in hair.
    • Hair regrowth products must receive FDA approval before marketing.
    • Greasy dandruff comprises oily flakes mixed with sebum.

    Care and Treatment

    • Surface conditioning is recommended in dry climates to combat static and soften hair.
    • Non-medical solutions for hair loss include wigs and toupees.
    • Areas with enlarged follicles require a referral to a physician for potential scalp disorders.

    Key Terms

    • Trichology: The study of hair.
    • Canities: The term for grayness or whiteness in hair.
    • Hypertrichosis: Abnormal growth of hair where only fine hair typically appears.
    • Plica polonica: Excessive matting of hair.
    • Pediculosis capitis: Infestation of lice on the scalp.
    • Mitosis: The technical term for cell division occurring in the germinal matrix.

    Conclusion

    Understanding hair structure, growth stages, health, and disorders can guide proper treatment and care for different hair types and conditions.

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