BCCNM LPN Respiratory System Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

To reduce inflammation in the airways

To strengthen the diaphragm muscle

To open up airways with bronchodilators (correct)

To remove mucus from the lungs

What is the function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood (correct)

To expand and contract with each breath

To produce mucus to trap dust and bacteria

To filter out dust and bacteria from inhaled air

What is the term for the narrowing of airways in COPD?

Bronchitis

Emphysema

Asthma

Chronic bronchitis (correct)

What is the effect of aging on the respiratory system?

Decreased chest wall compliance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory system?

To move mucus and bacteria out of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of exercise on respiratory control?

Respiratory rate increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system?

To engulf and remove foreign particles and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chest wall in the respiratory system?

To expand and contract with each breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the umbrella term that includes asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal in managing COPD?

To maintain SpO2 between 88% - 92% and prevent dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What type of pneumonia occurs when a patient swallows fluid and it goes into the trachea?

Aspiration pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pneumonia?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for bacterial pneumonia?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to push fluids in pneumonia treatment?

To prevent dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of COPD management?

To manage symptoms and improve quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pulmonary function studies in COPD management?

To determine the disease severity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a written action plan in COPD management?

To implement a goal-oriented plan Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of oxygen therapy in COPD management?

To alleviate symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaccinations in preventing pneumonia?

To prevent disease occurrence Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

Sputum production for 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the alveoli in emphysema?

They are permanently inflated and become damaged Signup and view all the answers

Why is the work of breathing increased in emphysema?

Because there is less capacity for oxygen exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of SPO2 that should be maintained in patients with COPD?

88% - 92% Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the SPO2 reaches 93% in patients with COPD?

The patient starts to wean off oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in patients with COPD?

Supine or flat position Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of acute bronchitis?

Inflammation of the lungs usually from URTI Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased SPO2 above 92% in patients with COPD?

The patient stops breathing and becomes gasping Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

BCCNM LPN Scope of Practice

Restricted activities that do not require an order include compounding, dispensing, or administering a drug specified in Schedule I or II of the Drug Schedules Regulation for the purpose of treating respiratory distress in a known asthmatic.

Respiratory System Review

Age-related changes in the respiratory system include:
- Decreased elastic recoil
- Decreased chest wall compliance
- Decreased anteroposterior diameter
- Decreased functioning alveoli
- Decreased response to hypoxemia and hypercapnia
- Decreased cough force
- Decreased alveolar macrophage function
Structures and functions of the respiratory system include:
- Respiratory airways
- Alveoli (functional units)
- Mucus covering the alveoli prevents gas exchange

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Definition: an umbrella term for chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Causes: cigarette smoking, occupational chemicals and dust, infections, and heredity
Characteristics:
- Airway obstruction
- Inflammation
- Mucus buildup
- Narrowing or clogging of airways
Management:
- Establishment of a confirmed diagnosis
- Thorough health history
- Pulmonary function studies
- Limited exposure to triggers
- Education of patients
- Collaborative practice
  - Smoking cessation
  - Appropriate pharmacotherapy
  - Oxygen therapy
- Continuous assessment and monitoring of control and severity
- Implementation of a goal planning written action plan
- Ensuring regular follow-up

Pneumonia

Definition: acute lower respiratory infection
Types:
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
- Fungal pneumonia
- Aspiration pneumonia
Assessment data:
- Fever
- Rapid pulse rate
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Chest pain that increases with deep inspiration
- Productive cough with yellow/green sputum
Treatment:
- Antibiotics for bacterial infections
- Antipyretics for fever
- Expectorants to loosen mucus
- Nursing interventions:
  - Pushing fluids
  - Providing acceptable nutrition
  - Rest
  - Monitoring need for oxygen
Prevention:
- Vaccination (Pneumovax) for the elderly

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Description

This quiz reviews the respiratory system, age-related changes, and selected respiratory conditions such as COPD, pneumonia, and influenza, as part of the BCCNM LPN Scope of Practice.