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BCCNM LPN Respiratory System Review
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BCCNM LPN Respiratory System Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

  • To reduce inflammation in the airways
  • To strengthen the diaphragm muscle
  • To open up airways with bronchodilators (correct)
  • To remove mucus from the lungs
  • What is the function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

  • To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood (correct)
  • To expand and contract with each breath
  • To produce mucus to trap dust and bacteria
  • To filter out dust and bacteria from inhaled air
  • What is the term for the narrowing of airways in COPD?

  • Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Asthma
  • Chronic bronchitis (correct)
  • What is the effect of aging on the respiratory system?

    <p>Decreased chest wall compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory system?

    <p>To move mucus and bacteria out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exercise on respiratory control?

    <p>Respiratory rate increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system?

    <p>To engulf and remove foreign particles and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chest wall in the respiratory system?

    <p>To expand and contract with each breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the umbrella term that includes asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal in managing COPD?

    <p>To maintain SpO2 between 88% - 92% and prevent dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pneumonia occurs when a patient swallows fluid and it goes into the trachea?

    <p>Aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of pneumonia?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for bacterial pneumonia?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to push fluids in pneumonia treatment?

    <p>To prevent dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of COPD management?

    <p>To manage symptoms and improve quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pulmonary function studies in COPD management?

    <p>To determine the disease severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a written action plan in COPD management?

    <p>To implement a goal-oriented plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of oxygen therapy in COPD management?

    <p>To alleviate symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vaccinations in preventing pneumonia?

    <p>To prevent disease occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Sputum production for 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveoli in emphysema?

    <p>They are permanently inflated and become damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the work of breathing increased in emphysema?

    <p>Because there is less capacity for oxygen exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of SPO2 that should be maintained in patients with COPD?

    <p>88% - 92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the SPO2 reaches 93% in patients with COPD?

    <p>The patient starts to wean off oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in patients with COPD?

    <p>Supine or flat position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of acute bronchitis?

    <p>Inflammation of the lungs usually from URTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased SPO2 above 92% in patients with COPD?

    <p>The patient stops breathing and becomes gasping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    BCCNM LPN Scope of Practice

    • Restricted activities that do not require an order include compounding, dispensing, or administering a drug specified in Schedule I or II of the Drug Schedules Regulation for the purpose of treating respiratory distress in a known asthmatic.

    Respiratory System Review

    • Age-related changes in the respiratory system include:
      • Decreased elastic recoil
      • Decreased chest wall compliance
      • Decreased anteroposterior diameter
      • Decreased functioning alveoli
      • Decreased response to hypoxemia and hypercapnia
      • Decreased cough force
      • Decreased alveolar macrophage function
    • Structures and functions of the respiratory system include:
      • Respiratory airways
      • Alveoli (functional units)
      • Mucus covering the alveoli prevents gas exchange

    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

    • Definition: an umbrella term for chronic bronchitis and emphysema
    • Causes: cigarette smoking, occupational chemicals and dust, infections, and heredity
    • Characteristics:
      • Airway obstruction
      • Inflammation
      • Mucus buildup
      • Narrowing or clogging of airways
    • Management:
      • Establishment of a confirmed diagnosis
      • Thorough health history
      • Pulmonary function studies
      • Limited exposure to triggers
      • Education of patients
      • Collaborative practice
        • Smoking cessation
        • Appropriate pharmacotherapy
        • Oxygen therapy
      • Continuous assessment and monitoring of control and severity
      • Implementation of a goal planning written action plan
      • Ensuring regular follow-up

    Pneumonia

    • Definition: acute lower respiratory infection
    • Types:
      • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
      • Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
      • Fungal pneumonia
      • Aspiration pneumonia
    • Assessment data:
      • Fever
      • Rapid pulse rate
      • Shortness of breath (SOB)
      • Chest pain that increases with deep inspiration
      • Productive cough with yellow/green sputum
    • Treatment:
      • Antibiotics for bacterial infections
      • Antipyretics for fever
      • Expectorants to loosen mucus
      • Nursing interventions:
        • Pushing fluids
        • Providing acceptable nutrition
        • Rest
        • Monitoring need for oxygen
    • Prevention:
      • Vaccination (Pneumovax) for the elderly

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    Description

    This quiz reviews the respiratory system, age-related changes, and selected respiratory conditions such as COPD, pneumonia, and influenza, as part of the BCCNM LPN Scope of Practice.

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