BCA Unit 1 Quiz

Study Notes

C Programming Fundamentals

C Language is a widely-used programming language known for its efficiency and versatility.
Key features of C include:
- Portability: C programs can run on various platforms without modification.
- Rich Library: Extensive built-in functions and operations available.
- Low-level Access: Allows manipulation of hardware and memory addresses.
- Structured Programming: Supports modular programming and function prototypes.
- High Performance: Compiled code executes faster due to efficient memory management.
The linking process combines multiple object files into a single executable program, resolving symbol references among them.
The basic structure of a C program consists of:
- Preprocessor Directives: Commands for the compiler like #include.
- Main Function: The entry point of execution defined as int main().
- Statements and Functions: Logic written in curly braces {}, for execution.
Tokens in C are the smallest elements of a program. Types include:
- Keywords: Reserved words such as int, return, and if.
- Identifiers: Names defined by the programmer.
- Constants: Fixed values such as numbers.
- Operators: Symbols for operations like +, -, *.
- Separators: Characters like commas and semicolons.
Guidelines for using scanf() and printf():
- Use format specifiers such as %d for integers, %f for floats, %s for strings.
- Ensure correct variable type matching to avoid runtime errors.
- Always check the return values of scanf() for successful input.
Basic data types in C include:
- int: Integer type for whole numbers.
- float: Used for floating-point numbers.
- double: Provides double precision for floating-point numbers.
- char: Represents individual characters.
An identifier is a name used to identify variables, functions, or arrays. Rules include:
- Must begin with a letter or underscore.
- Can contain letters, numbers, or underscores.
- Cannot be a keyword and must not exceed a certain length.
Differences between while and do-while loops:
- While Loop: Condition checked before execution; may not execute at all if condition is false.
- Do-While Loop: Executes at least once; condition checked after execution.
Bitwise operators perform operations on bits directly, such as AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), and NOT (~).
Ternary operator is a shorthand for an if-else statement, structured as condition ? expression1 : expression2.

Classification & Categorization of Computers

Computers transform data into meaningful information through user-provided instructions.
Categorization based on size includes:
- Microcomputer: Small, single-user systems like personal computers.
- Minicomputer: Medium-sized; supports multiple users (4 to 200) with multiprocessing capabilities.
- Mainframe Computer: Large systems designed for bulk data processing and multi-user environments.
- Supercomputer: Extremely powerful machines for complex calculations and simulations.
Minicomputers are utilized in environments like educational institutions or departmental functions.

Description

This quiz is for the BCA students of Maharana Pratap College of Professional Studies. It covers Unit 1: Fundamentals of C programming and Control Structures. The quiz is designed to test the students' understanding of the basic knowledge of C Language. The quiz will be distributed on 25/09/2023.