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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the stationary point on a standing wave that remains fixed?
What is the phenomenon called that results from the overlap of two or more waves?
In a ripple tank experiment, what represents the angle between the incident wave and the reflected wave?
Which part of a wave contains the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position?
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According to the law of reflection, how do the angles of incidence and reflection relate to each other?
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What is the term for the wave that strikes a boundary?
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Which principle explains that the result of two or more waves is the algebraic sum of their individual displacements?
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When a wave becomes reflected at a boundary, which characteristic can the reflected wave have?
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In the context of wave interference, what is a node?
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What type of wave is formed by the interference of two waves moving in opposite directions?
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What happens to a wave when it encounters a boundary of a different medium?
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Which of the following best defines an antinode?
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What is the term for the energy patterns observed when a small stone is thrown into a calm pool of water?
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What is a wavefront in the context of two-dimensional waves?
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In two-dimensional waves, how can the direction of wave travel be represented?
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What is the angle of incidence in wave reflection?
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What happens to the speed of waves when they move from a deep medium to a shallow medium?
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Which statement about the law of reflection is true?
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What occurs when waves change direction at the boundary between two different media?
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How does the wavelength of waves in shallow water compare to waves in deeper water?
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What tool can be used to model properties of two-dimensional waves?
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Study Notes
Wave Behavior
- The interaction of waves occurs when they meet, leading to different phenomena such as reflection and interference.
New Vocabulary
- Incident wave: The wave that strikes a boundary.
- Reflected wave: The wave that is reflected back after hitting a boundary; its orientation depends on the mediums involved.
- Standing wave: A wave that appears stationary, resulting from the interference of two waves moving in opposite directions.
- Node: A point on a standing wave that remains stationary.
- Antinode: A point of maximum displacement on a standing wave.
- Wavefront: A line that represents the crest of a wave in two dimensions.
- Ray: A line representing the direction of wave travel, drawn perpendicular to the wavefront.
- Normal: A line drawn perpendicular to a boundary, representing the orientation of that boundary.
- Law of reflection: States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- Refraction: The change in direction of waves as they move from one medium to another.
Waves at Boundaries
- Waves can reflect back into the original medium or pass into another medium, changing direction at the boundary.
- The boundaries between different media can affect wave behavior and characteristics.
Superposition of Waves
- The principle of superposition indicates that the overall displacement in a medium is the algebraic sum of the displacements from individual waves.
- Interference results when waves combine, potentially canceling each other out or resulting in waves with greater or lesser amplitude.
Characteristics of Waves
- In standing waves, nodes do not move, while antinodes exhibit maximum movement.
Waves in Two Dimensions
- As waves travel outward from a disturbance, they form circular patterns called wavefronts.
- Wavefronts allow visualization of wave properties and can represent different wave shapes.
- Rays indicate the direction of wave travel, always perpendicular to wavefronts.
Ripple Tank Demonstrations
- A ripple tank demonstrates wave properties, where various setups can show reflection and refraction.
- A rigid barrier in a ripple tank reflects waves, and the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection as per the law of reflection.
Refraction
- Waves change speed and direction when transitioning between media of different densities (e.g., from deep to shallow water).
- Frequency remains constant during refraction, but wavelength decreases in shallower water due to reduced speed.
Quiz Concepts
- Key concepts from quizzes reinforce knowledge of nodes, interference, wave behavior in diagrams, the significance of normal lines, and the law of reflection.
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