Untitled Quiz

A device that converts sunlight directly into electricity.

Solar cells are used to power devices like calculators, clocks, and even vehicles.

A tiny electronic switch that controls the flow of electricity.

A meeting point between two types of semiconductors (p-type and n-type) that allows for current flow.

A type of transistor with a p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors.

A type of transistor with an n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors.

The terminal in a transistor that emits carriers (electrons or holes).

The terminal in a transistor that collects carriers (electrons or holes).

A process that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) by utilizing both positive and negative halves of the AC wave.

A specific arrangement of four diodes in a circuit used in full-wave rectification. The diodes form a bridge-like structure, allowing current to flow through in only one direction during both halves of the AC cycle.

The four diodes in a bridge rectifier are positioned so that two are forward-biased while the other two are reverse-biased during each half-cycle of the AC input.

A condition in a diode where current can flow through the diode. This occurs when the positive terminal of the voltage source is connected to the anode (positive side) and the negative terminal to the cathode (negative side).

A condition in a diode where current is blocked from flowing through the diode. This occurs when the voltage source is connected so that the negative terminal is connected to the anode and the positive terminal to the cathode.

Light Emitting Diode. A type of diode that emits light when a current flows through it, used in applications like lamps, displays, and indicators.

A type of electrical current that periodically changes direction, typically used in power distribution systems.

A type of electrical current that flows in only one direction, commonly used in electronic devices and batteries.

A circuit that uses a transistor to amplify a small input current into a larger output current.

The part of a transistor amplifier where the small input signal is applied.

The part of a transistor amplifier where the amplified signal comes out.

A variable resistor used to control the input signal strength in the circuit.

An indicator of the amount of current flowing in a circuit. The brighter the bulb, the more current.

A transistor acts like a controlled switch, allowing a small input current to control a much larger output current.

Controls the flow of the input signal to the transistor.

Controls the flow of the amplified output current to the bulb.

Applying a voltage to a transistor's terminals (collector, base, and emitter) to control its current flow.

In an npn transistor, the collector (C) is connected to the positive (+) terminal, the emitter (E) to the negative (-) terminal, and the base (B) is connected to a positive potential with a smaller magnitude than the collector.

In a pnp transistor, the emitter (E) is connected to the positive (+) terminal, the collector (C) to the negative (-) terminal, and the base (B) is connected to a negative potential with a smaller magnitude than the emitter.

In a transistor, the junction between the base and collector terminals.

A junction in a transistor where the voltage applied creates an opposing electric field, preventing current flow.

Determining the base, collector, and emitter terminals of a transistor physically.

An amplifier that increases the current of an input signal.

Transistors are commonly used as current amplifiers, where a small change in base current can lead to a larger change in collector current.

The process of increasing the strength of a signal using a Transistor.

Increasing the amplitude or power of a signal.

Transistors act as controls for the flow of current, and by changing the input in the base, a much larger output is produced from the collector.

The 0.1 μF capacitor blocks the DC component of the signal from the base, allowing only the alternating audio frequency signal to pass through.

The 22 kΩ resistor provides a forward biasing voltage of 0.7 V to the base of the transistor, which is necessary for proper operation.

The UM66 circuit generates an audio frequency wave by using its internal components and can be used as a sound source for the amplifier.

The X, Y terminals connect the output of the UM66 circuit to the input of the amplifier (points A and B) to feed the audio frequency signal for amplification.

An electronic switch is a device that controls the flow of electricity using electronic components instead of mechanical parts.

A transistor can be turned on or off by controlling the current flowing through its base, effectively acting like a switch that controls the flow of current in the circuit.

Transistors are used as switches in digital circuits to represent binary values (0 or 1) based on their on or off state.

Transistors provide many advantages over mechanical switches including faster switching speed, smaller size, greater reliability and lower power consumption.

A type of resistor whose resistance changes based on the amount of light falling on it. In darkness, its resistance is high, and in bright light, it's low.

In an automatic lighting circuit, an LDR is used to detect darkness. When it gets dark, the LDR's resistance increases, triggering the circuit to turn on a light.

A circuit that splits the total voltage across multiple resistors, each receiving a portion of the total voltage.

A resistor whose resistance value can be adjusted manually. It can be used to control the amount of current flowing through a circuit.

In the automatic lighting circuit, the VR is the 'adjuster' and the LDR is the 'sensor' when combined, they form a potential divider, where the LDR's resistance change alters the voltage across the VR.

The voltage 'drop' across a resistor depends on the current flowing through it and its resistance. More current and higher resistance result in a larger voltage drop.

A fundamental relationship in electricity that states the voltage across a conductor is proportional to the current flowing through it and the conductor's resistance. V = I * R.

The transistor acts like a switch, controlled by the voltage from the potential divider. When enough voltage reaches the transistor, it turns on the light.