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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of batch processing OS?
What is the purpose of batch processing OS?
Which card is considered the last card of a job in JCL?
Which card is considered the last card of a job in JCL?
What is a drawback of batch processing OS related to CPU and I/O speed?
What is a drawback of batch processing OS related to CPU and I/O speed?
How does the Resident Monitor in batch processing OS automatically arrange jobs?
How does the Resident Monitor in batch processing OS automatically arrange jobs?
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What is the main purpose of Job Sequencing Control Card Interpreter?
What is the main purpose of Job Sequencing Control Card Interpreter?
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Which measure of O.S. efficiency indicates the time interval between job submission and job completion by CPU?
Which measure of O.S. efficiency indicates the time interval between job submission and job completion by CPU?
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In a Time Sharing Operating System, what is one of the advantages it offers?
In a Time Sharing Operating System, what is one of the advantages it offers?
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What is a characteristic of Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
What is a characteristic of Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
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Which type of system has more than one processor in close communication, sharing resources like the computer bus and memory?
Which type of system has more than one processor in close communication, sharing resources like the computer bus and memory?
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What is a characteristic of Asymmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
What is a characteristic of Asymmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
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In Parallel Systems, what happens if one processor fails?
In Parallel Systems, what happens if one processor fails?
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What differentiates Distributed Operating Systems from Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
What differentiates Distributed Operating Systems from Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
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What is the main function of an Operating System?
What is the main function of an Operating System?
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Which component is NOT typically part of an Operating System?
Which component is NOT typically part of an Operating System?
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What is the role of the Bootstrap Program in a computer system?
What is the role of the Bootstrap Program in a computer system?
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Which statement best describes one of the goals of an Operating System?
Which statement best describes one of the goals of an Operating System?
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What does the Operating System NOT manage?
What does the Operating System NOT manage?
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Why does an Operating System always reside in memory?
Why does an Operating System always reside in memory?
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Which function is responsible for the generation of traces, error messages, and other debugging facilities in an operating system?
Which function is responsible for the generation of traces, error messages, and other debugging facilities in an operating system?
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In early systems without operating systems, what was the common method of loading programs?
In early systems without operating systems, what was the common method of loading programs?
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What is a drawback of early systems without batch processing?
What is a drawback of early systems without batch processing?
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Which feature is responsible for automatically loading, running, and dumping user jobs in batch processing?
Which feature is responsible for automatically loading, running, and dumping user jobs in batch processing?
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What does simple batch processing involve in terms of user interaction with the operator?
What does simple batch processing involve in terms of user interaction with the operator?
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Which function of an operating system is responsible for managing the allocation of resources?
Which function of an operating system is responsible for managing the allocation of resources?
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What is the main function of Distributed OS according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
What is the main function of Distributed OS according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Which type of system has well-defined, fixed time constraints as described by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
Which type of system has well-defined, fixed time constraints as described by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Which type of Real Time O.S. is less restrictive and commonly used for multimedia projects according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
Which type of Real Time O.S. is less restrictive and commonly used for multimedia projects according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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What is the purpose of Dual Mode Operation in computer systems as outlined by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
What is the purpose of Dual Mode Operation in computer systems as outlined by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of system that can be controlled by Real Time OS as stated by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
Which of the following is NOT a type of system that can be controlled by Real Time OS as stated by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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In the context of computer systems, what does ROM usage signify according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
In the context of computer systems, what does ROM usage signify according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Study Notes
Operating System
- An Operating System (OS) is a system software that manages computer hardware and provides a basis for application programs, acting as an intermediary between users and hardware.
Goals of Operating System
- Convenient for users and efficient for hardware.
Components of OS
- Hardware
- OS
- Application Software
- User
Functions of Operating System
- Process Management
- Memory Management
- I/O Management
- Security and Protection
- File Management
- Job Priority System
- Job Switching
- Understanding commands and instructions
- Providing an easier user interface
- Resource Allocation
- Error Detection
Early Systems (Without OS)
- Hardware was expensive; no operating systems existed
- One user at a console
- One function at a time (computation, think/response)
- Program loaded via card deck
- Libraries of device drivers (for I/O)
- User debugs at console
Early Systems Drawbacks
- Low throughput
- More turn around time
Batch Processing OS
- Hardware is expensive, humans are cheap
- Simple batch processing: load program, run, print results, dump, repeat
- User gives program (cards or tape) to the operator, who schedules the jobs
- Resident monitor automatically loads, runs, dumps user jobs
- Requires memory management (relocation) and protection
- More efficient use of hardware, but debugging is more difficult (from dumps)
Batch Processing OS Jobs
- Jobs with similar requirements were batched together and run through the computer as a group.
Batch Processing OS Drawbacks
- Inefficient use of CPU
- Speed mismatch between Fast CPU and slow I/O devices
- Not user-friendly
- If an error occurs while a Job is in execution, it can be found only after the execution of all jobs
- Resource utilization is not optimum
- Strict Job Sequencing is required
Efficiency Measures of OS
- Throughput: number of processes per unit time
- CPU Burst time: actual time required to complete the process by CPU
- Turnaround time: time interval between job submission and job completion by CPU
- Waiting time: total waiting time in the Ready Queue to be executed by CPU
- Response time: time interval between Job submission and First Response time given by CPU
Types of OS
- Batch Processing OS
- Multiprogramming OS
- Distributed OS
- Real-time OS
Distributed OS
- Loosely coupled systems
- Processors may vary in size and function
- They may include microprocessors, workstations, minicomputers, and large general-purpose computers
- Processors are referred to as sites, nodes
Distributed OS Functions
- Resource Sharing
- Computation Speedup
- Reliability
- Communication
Real-time OS
- Rigid time requirement on the operation of a processor or the flow of data
- Real-time OS has well-defined, fixed time constraints
- Processing must be done within the defined constraints or the system will fail
Real-time OS Types
- Soft Real-time OS: less restrictive type of OS
- Hard Real-time OS: guarantees that critical tasks complete on time
Real-time OS Uses
- Scientific experiments
- Medical imaging systems
- Industrial control systems
- Home appliance controllers
- Weapon systems
- Flight simulators
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Description
Learn about batch processing in operating systems, including job cards, Job Control Language (JCL), executing programs, loading programs, and resident monitors.
