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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of batch processing OS?
Which card is considered the last card of a job in JCL?
What is a drawback of batch processing OS related to CPU and I/O speed?
How does the Resident Monitor in batch processing OS automatically arrange jobs?
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What is the main purpose of Job Sequencing Control Card Interpreter?
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Which measure of O.S. efficiency indicates the time interval between job submission and job completion by CPU?
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In a Time Sharing Operating System, what is one of the advantages it offers?
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What is a characteristic of Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
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Which type of system has more than one processor in close communication, sharing resources like the computer bus and memory?
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What is a characteristic of Asymmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
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In Parallel Systems, what happens if one processor fails?
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What differentiates Distributed Operating Systems from Symmetric and Asymmetric Multiprocessing Systems?
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What is the main function of an Operating System?
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Which component is NOT typically part of an Operating System?
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What is the role of the Bootstrap Program in a computer system?
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Which statement best describes one of the goals of an Operating System?
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What does the Operating System NOT manage?
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Why does an Operating System always reside in memory?
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Which function is responsible for the generation of traces, error messages, and other debugging facilities in an operating system?
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In early systems without operating systems, what was the common method of loading programs?
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What is a drawback of early systems without batch processing?
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Which feature is responsible for automatically loading, running, and dumping user jobs in batch processing?
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What does simple batch processing involve in terms of user interaction with the operator?
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Which function of an operating system is responsible for managing the allocation of resources?
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What is the main function of Distributed OS according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Which type of system has well-defined, fixed time constraints as described by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Which type of Real Time O.S. is less restrictive and commonly used for multimedia projects according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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What is the purpose of Dual Mode Operation in computer systems as outlined by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of system that can be controlled by Real Time OS as stated by Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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In the context of computer systems, what does ROM usage signify according to Dr. P.S. Tanwar?
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Study Notes
Operating System
- An Operating System (OS) is a system software that manages computer hardware and provides a basis for application programs, acting as an intermediary between users and hardware.
Goals of Operating System
- Convenient for users and efficient for hardware.
Components of OS
- Hardware
- OS
- Application Software
- User
Functions of Operating System
- Process Management
- Memory Management
- I/O Management
- Security and Protection
- File Management
- Job Priority System
- Job Switching
- Understanding commands and instructions
- Providing an easier user interface
- Resource Allocation
- Error Detection
Early Systems (Without OS)
- Hardware was expensive; no operating systems existed
- One user at a console
- One function at a time (computation, think/response)
- Program loaded via card deck
- Libraries of device drivers (for I/O)
- User debugs at console
Early Systems Drawbacks
- Low throughput
- More turn around time
Batch Processing OS
- Hardware is expensive, humans are cheap
- Simple batch processing: load program, run, print results, dump, repeat
- User gives program (cards or tape) to the operator, who schedules the jobs
- Resident monitor automatically loads, runs, dumps user jobs
- Requires memory management (relocation) and protection
- More efficient use of hardware, but debugging is more difficult (from dumps)
Batch Processing OS Jobs
- Jobs with similar requirements were batched together and run through the computer as a group.
Batch Processing OS Drawbacks
- Inefficient use of CPU
- Speed mismatch between Fast CPU and slow I/O devices
- Not user-friendly
- If an error occurs while a Job is in execution, it can be found only after the execution of all jobs
- Resource utilization is not optimum
- Strict Job Sequencing is required
Efficiency Measures of OS
- Throughput: number of processes per unit time
- CPU Burst time: actual time required to complete the process by CPU
- Turnaround time: time interval between job submission and job completion by CPU
- Waiting time: total waiting time in the Ready Queue to be executed by CPU
- Response time: time interval between Job submission and First Response time given by CPU
Types of OS
- Batch Processing OS
- Multiprogramming OS
- Distributed OS
- Real-time OS
Distributed OS
- Loosely coupled systems
- Processors may vary in size and function
- They may include microprocessors, workstations, minicomputers, and large general-purpose computers
- Processors are referred to as sites, nodes
Distributed OS Functions
- Resource Sharing
- Computation Speedup
- Reliability
- Communication
Real-time OS
- Rigid time requirement on the operation of a processor or the flow of data
- Real-time OS has well-defined, fixed time constraints
- Processing must be done within the defined constraints or the system will fail
Real-time OS Types
- Soft Real-time OS: less restrictive type of OS
- Hard Real-time OS: guarantees that critical tasks complete on time
Real-time OS Uses
- Scientific experiments
- Medical imaging systems
- Industrial control systems
- Home appliance controllers
- Weapon systems
- Flight simulators
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Description
Learn about batch processing in operating systems, including job cards, Job Control Language (JCL), executing programs, loading programs, and resident monitors.
