Basketball: Skills, Rules, and History

Course Description

• Basketball is a team sport involving two teams, usually with five players each.
• Teams compete on a rectangular court to shoot a basketball through the defender's hoop while preventing the opposing team from scoring.
• The course covers fundamental basketball skills such as dribbling, passing (chest, bounce, and overhead passes), shooting (jump shot, lay-up, and bank shot), rebounding, and defense (block and steal).
• Additional topics include familiarization with facilities, equipment, terminologies, official duties and simplified game rules.

Grading System

• Performance Outputs/Project: 40%
• Major Examination: 30%
• Quizzes: 15%
• Recitation: 15%

History of Basketball

• Basketball was invented in the U.S. by James Naismith (1861-1939) around December 1, 1891.
• It occurred at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) Training School, now Springfield College, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• Naismith used two half-bushel peach baskets as goals.
• William R. Chase made the only midcourt shot of basketball's first game.
• The rules for basketball were published on January 15, 1892, in the Triangle.
• Jay Archer of Scranton, Pennsylvania, introduced "biddy" basketball in 1950 for those under 12.
• James Naismith, a Canadian, developed basketball on December 21, 1891, and worked as an instructor for Christian Workers.
• Luther H. Gulick, head of the PE department, requested Naismith to create an indoor team sport for winter.
• Peach baskets were attached to a gymnasium balcony railing 10 ft (3 m) above the floor.
• The first ball used was a soccer ball.
• The first basketball game was in December 1891 with 13 rules at the time.
• January 15, 1892, is the date basketball was first published in a newspaper.
• In 1893, metal hoops with net bags replaced wooden baskets.
• In 1894, players were given a free throw.
• In 1908, a rule change allowed 5 foul disqualifications.
• In 1910, dribbling was allowed, but shooting after dribbling was not.
• In 1913, bottomless nets were introduced.
• In 1915, the Amateur Athletic Union of the US, NCAA, and YMCA formed a committee to standardize rules.
• In 1916, players were allowed to shoot after dribbling.
• In 1932, the ten-second rule was adopted.
• In 1935, a 3-second violation in the free throw lane was introduced.
• In 1936, basketball was introduced at the Berlin Olympics.
• In 1937, a center jump was held after every field goal.
• In 1955, the foul lane was widened to 12 ft (3.7 m) from 6 ft (1.83 m).
• In 1946, the ABA was renamed to the NBA.
• In 2014, the 24-second reset will be reset to 14 if the offensive team rebounds the ball.

Basic Gameplay

• A basketball game is played by two teams of five players each.
• Teams aim to score in the opponent's basket and prevent the other team from scoring.
• Games are controlled by officials, table officials, and a commissioner.
• The basket a team attacks is the opponents' basket, and the basket a team defends is their own.
• The playing court measures 28 m (length) x 15 m (width) from the inside edge of the boundary line.
• All lines are the same color and 5 cm in width.
• Boundary lines (sidelines and end lines) are not part of the playing court.

Essential Equipment

• A game requires backstops, backboards, and baskets.
• Baskets consist of a ring (45 cm in diameter and 3.05 m high) and a net (40-45 cm in length).
• Basketballs have a circumference of 74.9-78 cm and weigh 567 - 650 g.
• Additional equipment includes a scoreboard, game clock, twenty-four second device, stopwatch, and alternating possession indicator.

Team Structure and Personnel

• Each team has twelve players including a captain.
• Five players from each team are on the court during play and can be substituted.
• A player is "a PLAYER" when he is on the playing court and entitled to play.
• A "SUBSTITUTE" is not on the playing court but entitled to play.
• An "EXCLUDED PLAYER" has committed five fouls and is no longer entitled.

Game Regulations

• A game has four periods of ten minutes each.
• There are two-minute intervals between the first and second periods, between the third and fourth periods, and before any extra periods.
• Halftime is a fifteen-minute interval between the first and second halves.

Jump Ball and Possession

• A jump ball occurs when the official tosses the ball in the center circle between two opponents at the start of the first period.
• A held ball occurs when players from opposing teams have one or both hands firmly on the ball.
• Alternating possession is a method of putting the ball into play with a throw-in rather than a jump ball.

Player Actions and Definitions

• SHOT - when the ball is thrown towards the basket.
• TAP - the ball is directed by the palm or fingers towards the basket.
• DUNK - putting the ball into the basket with force.
• THROW-IN - passing the ball into the court from out-of-bounds; must be done within 5 seconds. If longer than 5 seconds it is a five second rule.
• A charged time-out is requested during an interruption of play by the coach.
• Time-out: A time-out is one minute.

Violations

• A violation is an infraction of the rules that gives control of the ball to the other team.
• Illegal dribble: A player dribbles the ball after picking up their dribble.

Team Penalties

• Game lost by forfeit: A team loses if it's unable to field five players or isn't present within fifteen minutes after the start time.
• Game lost by default: A team loses if it has fewer than two players during the game.

Player Violations

• Traveling: Exceeding the allowable steps after picking up dribble (2 steps).
• Pivot: A player with a live ball on the court steps more than once in any direction with the same foot while keeping the other foot (the pivot foot) in contact with the floor
• Three Seconds: Remaining in the opponent's restricted area for more than three seconds while the player's team is in control of the ball.
• Closely Guarded Player: Holding the ball for more than five seconds while closely guarded (within one normal step). The ball must be passed, rolled, shot, or dribbled.
• Eight Seconds: Failing to advance the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt within eight seconds.
• Twenty-Four Seconds: Failing to attempt a shot within twenty-four seconds.
• Ball Returned to the Backcourt: Illegally causing the ball to return to the backcourt.
• Goaltending and Interference: Touching the ball during a shot while it is completely above the level of the ring and either on its downward flight to the basket or after hitting the backboard.

Fouls

• A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact or unsportsmanlike behavior.
• Defensive Foul: An opponent gets 2 free throws if a team has accumulated 5 team fouls in a period. If a technical foul the other will get a 2 free throw opportunity and ball possession for the opposing team.
• Offensive Foul: Results in loss of the ball and a 2 free throw opportunity if the team has accumulated five fouls within a period.

Types of Fouls

• Illegal Screening: Committed by a moving player, or by not providing sufficient distance for a screen.
• Charging Foul: An offensive player makes illegal contact against an opponent (turnover).
• Blocking Foul: Illegal personal contact that impedes an opponent's progress.
• Holding: Illegal contact interfering with an opponent's movement.
• Pushing: Illegal contact that forcibly moves an opponent.

Other Foul Types

• Personal Foul: A player's contact with an opponent.
• Double Foul: Simultaneous personal fouls by two opponents.
• Unsportsmanlike Foul: A foul that is not a legitimate attempt to play the ball.
• Disqualifying Foul: Flagrant unsportsmanlike behavior, penalized by expulsion.
• Technical Foul: Non-cooperation or non-compliance with the rules.
• Team Fouls: Penalty: A team is in a penalty situation when team has committed found (4) team fouls. Two (2) free-throws given on the fifth(5th) team foul.

Game Definitions

• Dribbling: Moving the ball on the court by throwing, tapping, rolling it on the floor.
• Assist: a pass to a team mate which directly leads to a basket.
• Free throw: -is an opportunity given to player to score one (1) point, an uncontested from position behind the free-throw line.
• Steal A defensive action, which causes a turnover by an opponent.

Basketball Glossary

• Loose Ball: A live ball not in the possession of either team.
• Offense: The team with possession of the ball.
• Officials: Referees and umpires assisted by table officials and a 24-second operator.
• Overtime: Extra periods of 5 minutes each played if the score is tied at the end of the fourth period.
• Personal Foul: A player foul which involves illegal contact.
• Pivot Foot: A foot that is firmly on the ground used as an axis to move.
• Points: The sum of the value of scored baskets.
• Scorekeeper: An Official responsible for filling score sheet Statistics: Statistics evaluate the performance of the teams and players.
• Technical Committee official: Responsible for the supervision and approval of the court, referees and Table officials.
• Three Second Rule:, Cannot maintain the restricted area for more than three consecutive seconds.

3x3 History and Basics

• 3x3 basketball involves two teams with three players each.
• FIBA began focusing on 3x3 in 2007, experimenting with it as an alternative form of basketball at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in Singapore.
• Standardized rules for 3x3 began in the early 1980s in the United States with "Gus Mackers".
• 3x3 was first tested at the Asian Indoor Games in Macau in 2007.
• It debuted at the Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in 2010.
• Wilson provides the official ball for FIBA 3x3 competitions.
• 3x3 was added to the Olympic Program on June 9, 2017, and debuted in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

3x3 Basic Terms

• Alley-Oop: A player jumps and catches a pass from another player.
• Air ball: The ball that misses the basket.
• And One: When the other players gets fouled the other gets one throw.
• Assist: a statistic the occurs when a player passes the ball to the other.
• Blocking: Any illegal personal contact.

3x3 Playing rules

• Consists of 4 team members: (3 players the court and 1 sub).
• No coaching is allowed on the court.
• Officials may stop the game in cases of injury to players.
• Players should not be bleeding and should follow safe procedures.
• To start the game each team will do a toss coin.
• You score with two ways one with: one point or two points.
• Ball is played with the team scoring.

How the ball is played (3X3)

• Field goal or last free throw shall resume the game by dribbling or passing the ball from inside the court.
• All team score points.
• Shall start a checkball.
• Jumps the ball is awarded to the defensive.
• Time play/winner is 10 minutes.
• If the team score 21 points or more.
• if the score is tied at a time will play an overtime.
• score two more points.
• A team shall lose.

3x3 Fouls Rules:

• A team is in penalty that the team has accumulated 6 fouls.
• If a shout for a field goals not a successful when Fouls from the shout.
• when the players fouls the shout counts.
• Unsportamlike are disqualifying fouls.
• Team fouls are 7,8,9 are shall be penalized.
• After 10 and and technical fouls with on free throw.

Art. 23 Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds

• Out-of-bounds is when a player is in the floor of any part of his object.
• All touching when with being touched by someone.
• the 23.2.2 Is like if it will count.
• Players moves in and outs of any fouls.

Traveling and Pivot:

• Is defined in legal movements in this case.
• ART 26: IS known a the 3 SECONDS : when a players shall the area not known.

Arts 28-29

• ART 28: Known has back to back basket.
• ART 29: is if u fail to score its a violation.

Arts 30-31 (12 points)

• Art:30 Clearing the ball.
• Grants a new team is possessions.
• The way to act a new game point.

Art 33.7 Screening, Legal and illegal point.

• Is attempt to delay the other and prevent them.
• All be standing and should be legal.

Arts 33.8-9

• Charging is illegal of not with.
• Blocking is all legal which implies.

33.10 No Charage Semi Circle Area

• The play and circle.
• any plays circle shall all be counted.

Art 33/11. The opponents

• The hand are know not necessarily a foul.
• to the touch and a rough game =foul.
• and hock or arm on defensive may cause a legal actions

33.12 Post Play

• Can all be applied here.
• The vertical of of the place. 33/ 13 is not may case is always going to considered and illegal foul

Art 33.13-15

• To any of the act of that this player should be called on action on the game.
• To the game its all always going the has or make the actions to considered what foul is here.

Arts 34-25 and 37

• Contact fouls: its a player is all ways has contact.
• Any time do something can all considered
• All be act or action with the players.
• That all may be contact
• All fouls in general by the body .

Final 38-40

• DISQUALIFYING All Fours
• Fighting Team fours.
• all must 6 for fouls.