Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is planning?
What is planning?
- A process of controlling without organizing.
- A process of doing without thinking.
- A process of only staffing and leading.
- A process of thinking before doing. (correct)
Planning is the least basic of all managerial functions.
Planning is the least basic of all managerial functions.
False (B)
According to Weihrich and Koontz, planning involves selecting what?
According to Weihrich and Koontz, planning involves selecting what?
missions and objectives
According to Newman, planning is deciding in ________ what is to be done.
According to Newman, planning is deciding in ________ what is to be done.
What are the two basic components of plans?
What are the two basic components of plans?
Planning is an easy task that requires no intellectual or mental activity.
Planning is an easy task that requires no intellectual or mental activity.
Which of the following is a characteristic of planning?
Which of the following is a characteristic of planning?
Planning is ________ in nature, meaning it involves looking ahead.
Planning is ________ in nature, meaning it involves looking ahead.
Planning is inflexible and cannot be adjusted based on the situation.
Planning is inflexible and cannot be adjusted based on the situation.
Which type of plan provides a high-level overview of the entire business, including its vision and mission?
Which type of plan provides a high-level overview of the entire business, including its vision and mission?
Which plan answers the question 'What'?
Which plan answers the question 'What'?
A _____ plan describes the tactics an organization will use to achieve its strategic ambitions.
A _____ plan describes the tactics an organization will use to achieve its strategic ambitions.
Which type of plan typically has a short-range focus of less than one year?
Which type of plan typically has a short-range focus of less than one year?
Operational plans are primarily the responsibility of high-level managers.
Operational plans are primarily the responsibility of high-level managers.
Which type of operational plan is designed for a one-time event or activity?
Which type of operational plan is designed for a one-time event or activity?
Match the plan with the appropriate description:
Match the plan with the appropriate description:
Which type of plan is typically used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis?
Which type of plan is typically used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis?
Top-level managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day activities of a company.
Top-level managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day activities of a company.
What is the main role of middle-level managers in an organization?
What is the main role of middle-level managers in an organization?
The CEO is an example of a ______ manager.
The CEO is an example of a ______ manager.
Which of the following is a typical title for a middle-level manager?
Which of the following is a typical title for a middle-level manager?
Single use plans can be used in multiple departments.
Single use plans can be used in multiple departments.
What is the purpose of the goals, mission, and vision set by top-level managers?
What is the purpose of the goals, mission, and vision set by top-level managers?
Match the management level with its description:
Match the management level with its description:
Which level of management is primarily responsible for executing organizational plans in accordance with company policies?
Which level of management is primarily responsible for executing organizational plans in accordance with company policies?
Lower-level managers are also known as middle managers.
Lower-level managers are also known as middle managers.
What is another term used to refer to lower-level managers?
What is another term used to refer to lower-level managers?
Lower-level managers focus on __________ and directing.
Lower-level managers focus on __________ and directing.
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of lower-level managers?
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of lower-level managers?
Brainstorming is a random activity that doesn't require structure.
Brainstorming is a random activity that doesn't require structure.
Which of the following is a benefit of brainstorming?
Which of the following is a benefit of brainstorming?
In brainstorming, everyone must be able to see the __________ picture of the whole scenario so that each will have a substantial contribution of ideas.
In brainstorming, everyone must be able to see the __________ picture of the whole scenario so that each will have a substantial contribution of ideas.
What is the first step in the brainstorming process?
What is the first step in the brainstorming process?
Fishbone diagrams are useful for scheduling and showing time-critical elements.
Fishbone diagrams are useful for scheduling and showing time-critical elements.
What is another name for a fishbone diagram?
What is another name for a fishbone diagram?
Fishbone diagrams are named after ____________ Ishikawa.
Fishbone diagrams are named after ____________ Ishikawa.
In which decade was the Gantt chart technique devised?
In which decade was the Gantt chart technique devised?
Gantt charts are useful for budgeting.
Gantt charts are useful for budgeting.
Who is the Gantt chart named after?
Who is the Gantt chart named after?
Match each brainstorming process step with its description:
Match each brainstorming process step with its description:
Decision-making in management should be solely based on intuition.
Decision-making in management should be solely based on intuition.
According to Peter Drucker, what does a manager accomplish through decision-making?
According to Peter Drucker, what does a manager accomplish through decision-making?
What is the first step in the decision-making process?
What is the first step in the decision-making process?
After implementing a decision, it's important to __________ the outcomes.
After implementing a decision, it's important to __________ the outcomes.
Which of the following is NOT a step in the decision-making process?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the decision-making process?
Once a plan is implemented, it should never be adapted or changed.
Once a plan is implemented, it should never be adapted or changed.
What should a manager do after brainstorming potential solutions?
What should a manager do after brainstorming potential solutions?
What is the core of managerial activities in an organization?
What is the core of managerial activities in an organization?
Flashcards
Planning
Planning
Thinking before doing; establishing goals and strategies to achieve them.
Managerial Planning
Managerial Planning
Establishing goals, defining methods, and strategies to achieve them.
Planning (Weihrich & Koontz)
Planning (Weihrich & Koontz)
Selecting missions/objectives and the actions to achieve them involving decision making.
Planning (Newman)
Planning (Newman)
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Planning (Fayol)
Planning (Fayol)
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Goals
Goals
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Action Plans
Action Plans
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Futuristic Planning
Futuristic Planning
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Effective Planning
Effective Planning
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Planning Definition
Planning Definition
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Strategic Plan
Strategic Plan
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Vision (in planning)
Vision (in planning)
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Mission (in planning)
Mission (in planning)
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Values (in planning)
Values (in planning)
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Tactical Plan
Tactical Plan
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Operational Plan
Operational Plan
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Single-Use Plans
Single-Use Plans
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Ongoing Plans
Ongoing Plans
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Top-Level Managers
Top-Level Managers
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Top-Level Manager Titles
Top-Level Manager Titles
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Top-Level Manager Focus
Top-Level Manager Focus
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Middle-Level Managers
Middle-Level Managers
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Middle-Level Manager Titles
Middle-Level Manager Titles
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Middle-Level Manager Communication
Middle-Level Manager Communication
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Middle Managers
Middle Managers
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Lower-Level Managers
Lower-Level Managers
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First-Line Managers
First-Line Managers
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Supervisors
Supervisors
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Brainstorming
Brainstorming
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Brainstorming Benefits
Brainstorming Benefits
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Brainstorming in Projects
Brainstorming in Projects
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Brainstorming Facilitator
Brainstorming Facilitator
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Brainstorming steps
Brainstorming steps
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Fishbone Diagram
Fishbone Diagram
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Fishbone Diagram (Alternate Names)
Fishbone Diagram (Alternate Names)
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Fishbone diagram use
Fishbone diagram use
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Gantt Chart
Gantt Chart
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Who created the Gantt chart?
Who created the Gantt chart?
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Gantt Chart Uses
Gantt Chart Uses
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Decision Making
Decision Making
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Identify the problem
Identify the problem
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Seek Information
Seek Information
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Brainstorm Solutions
Brainstorm Solutions
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Choose an Alternative
Choose an Alternative
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Implement plan
Implement plan
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Evaluate Outcomes
Evaluate Outcomes
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Management Decisions
Management Decisions
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Study Notes
- Planning involves thinking before acting and is one of the five key functions of a manager.
- Planning is the most fundamental of all managerial functions, involving setting goals, defining methods, and strategizing.
- Henry Fayol defines planning as choosing the best options to perform various management operations to achieve predetermined goals.
- Management involves planning for both long-range and short-range future direction by anticipating and assessing the environment.
- Plans comprise goals (end statements or targets) and action plans (the means to achieve goals).
- Intellectual thinking and mental activity are involved in planning effectively.
The Nature of Planning:
- Planning is goal-oriented, requiring a specified goal.
- Planning is futuristic, involving looking ahead.
- Planning exists in all managerial activities at all levels.
- Planning relies on facts and information, not guesswork.
- Planning is flexible and adjusts to the situation.
Types of Plans:
- Planning is a part of management for creating procedures, rules, and guidelines to achieve objectives.
- Managers need to create broad objectives and mission statements.
Strategic Plan:
- A strategic plan offers a high-level overview of the entire business, including its vision, mission, objectives, and values.
- It serves as the basis for long-term decisions with a scope of two to ten years.
- Strategic plans guide managers' decisions and influence organizational culture and customer interactions.
- Strategic plans must be forward-looking and flexible. Vision is a long-term aspiration for the company in 5 years.; mission is a realistic outline of aim and ambitions; and values dictate how to inspire.
Tactical Plan:
- A tactical plan details the tactics to achieve the strategic plan's ambitions.
- It is a short-range, actionable document, typically spanning less than one year.
- Tactical plans specify deadlines, timetables, budget, resources, and responsibilities.
Operational Plan:
- The operational plan describes the company's daily operations and charts a roadmap to achieve tactical goals within a set timeframe, focusing on short-term objectives.
- Operational plans are the responsibility of low-level managers and supervisors.
Types of Operational Plans:
- Single Use Plans: For one-time events or activities like sales rallies or marketing campaigns.
- Ongoing Plans: Used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis as policies, rules, or procedures.
Levels of Management:
- Organizations have numerous managers across different levels of authority and hiearchy.
- Most organizations have three management levels: top-level, middle-level, and low-level.
Top-Level Managers:
- Top-level managers include the chairperson, directors, president, CEO, CFO, COO, vice-president, and corporate head.
- They control and oversee the entire organization and mobilize outside resources.
- They typically possess extensive managerial experience and advanced degrees, like MBAs, and are groomed for succession planning.
- Top managers set goals and lead the company to achieve them, guiding the firm towards its goals, mission, and vision.
Middle-Level Managers:
- Middle-level managers are below top managers and include general, regional, division, and plant managers.
- They carry out goals set by top management, set departmental goals, and motivate first-line managers.
- Middle managers communicate upward with suggestions and feedback and provide valuable information to top managers.
- Middle managers conform to and follow company policies and objectives.
- They define information and motivation with lower level employees.
- They implement effective group intergroup work and information systems.
- They monitor group-level performance indicators, diagnose and resolve problems, and implement reward systems.
Lower-Level Managers:
- Lower-level managers (first-line managers or supervisors) include office, department, store managers, and supervisors.
- They focus on controlling and directing daily management and influence the company significantly.
- Lower-level managers do not set goals for the organization, they have an unielding influence
- Lower-level managers cascade the goals among their subordinates to be carried out specifically.
Planning Tools and Techniques:
- Organizations, schools, and businesses use various planning tools, including Brainstorming, Fishbone Diagrams, and Gantt Charts.
Brainstorming:
- Brainstorming is a creative stage for project management and planning that draws out ideas from a group, creating new ideas, solving problems, and motivating teams.
- Brainstorming is structured and must follow rules to ensure everyone contributes.
- Brainstorming places a significant burden on managing the process, facilitation and individual opinions.
- The brainstorming process typically involves defining the objective, brainstorming ideas, categorizing and condensing, assessing effects, prioritizing options, agreeing on actions and timeframe, and controlling and monitoring.
Fishbone Diagrams:
- Fishbone diagrams (also called cause and effect diagrams or Ishikawa diagrams) were developed by Kaoru Ishikawa.
- A fishbone diagram maps factors contributing to a problem, with the main categories shown as bones leading to the spine.
- Fishbone diagrams are useful in quality management, business process improvement, project management, and task management.
- Fishbone diagrams identify hidden factors that enable larger activities and resources.
- Fishbone diagrams do not schedule or show time-critical elements.
Gantt Charts:
- Gantt charts are project management tools named after Henry Gantt. Created in the 1910s.
- Gantt charts schedule, budget, report, present, and communicate project plans.
- Gantt charts are flexible and useful for large, complex projects, with each activity on a separate line and a timeline for duration, utilizing color coding.
Decision Making:
- Management involves decision-making.
- A manager's job is to make sound decisions based on facts, tools, information, data, experience, and knowledge.
- Management must take the initiative through making decisions.
- Decisions are made after inspecting alternatives.
- Decisions should be based on facts, not only on intuition.
- Decision-making is core to managerial activities.
Steps in Decision Making:
- Identify the problems to address a need or opportunity.
- Gather information to clarify options and potential causes.
- Brainstorm potential solutions.
- Choose the best alternative by weighing pros and cons and seeking more information.
- Implement the plan definitively.
- evaluate outcomes and adapt as necessary.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of planning as a managerial function. Understand its components, characteristics, and different types of plans. Learn about strategic, tactical, and operational planning.
