Basics of Electricity and Electronics

Types of Electricity

• AC (Alternating Current) primarily powers homes, sourced from electricity plants and outlets, and is used for appliances.
• DC (Direct Current) powers devices through batteries and is utilized for electronics.

Key Electrical Concepts

• Voltage: Represents the electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V).
• Current: Denotes the flow of electrons in a conductor, measured in amperes (A); high current can cause electric shocks.
• Resistance: The opposition to electric current flow, measured in ohms (Ω).

Basic Tools in Electronics

Driving Tools

• Screwdriver: Essential for inserting, tightening, loosening, and removing screws.
  • Slotted Screwdriver: Designed for negative slotted screws.
  • Philips Screwdriver: Suitable for positive slotted screws and can handle greater torque for tighter fastenings.

Soldering Tools

• Soldering Iron: Heats up to melt solder for connecting metal parts.
• Soldering Tool Stand: Used to hold the soldering iron when not in use.
• Desoldering Tool: Used to remove soldered wires and components for troubleshooting and repairs on printed circuit boards.

Boring Tools

• Portable Electric Drill: Used for boring holes in plastics or metal with sizes ranging from 1/6 to approximately 1/4 inch.
• 12V Mini Drill: Specifically for drilling holes in printed circuit boards (PCBs) with sizes from 1/32 to 1/16 inch.
• Metal Files: Hand tools with sharp ridges or teeth, available in types like flat, half-round, and round for precision filing.

Auxiliary Tools

• Magnifying Glass: A convex lens that produces a magnified image for detailed observations.
• Paint Brush: Made of bristles to clean circuit components and other objects.

Splicing Tools

• Long Nose Pliers: Useful for holding, bending, and stretching wires or leads; also functions as wire cutters.
• Flat or Combination Pliers: Feature flat jaws, with one side sharp for cutting.
• Wire Cutter/Stripper: Blades designed for cutting and stripping wires.

Cutting Tools

• Hacksaw: Used for cutting metals; some have pistol grips for better handling.
• Utility Knife: Versatile cutting tool, requires careful handling due to its potential danger.

Electronic Equipment

• VOM (Volt-Ohm-Meter): A multifunction tool that measures voltage, resistance, and current (ohm, milliamp).
• Oscilloscope: Visualizes and measures electrical signals for detailed analysis.
• Signal Generator: Produces simple waveforms for various testing and measurement applications.

Types of Electricity

• AC (Alternating Current) primarily powers homes, sourced from electricity plants and outlets, and is used for appliances.
• DC (Direct Current) powers devices through batteries and is utilized for electronics.

Key Electrical Concepts

• Voltage: Represents the electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V).
• Current: Denotes the flow of electrons in a conductor, measured in amperes (A); high current can cause electric shocks.
• Resistance: The opposition to electric current flow, measured in ohms (Ω).

Basic Tools in Electronics

Driving Tools

• Screwdriver: Essential for inserting, tightening, loosening, and removing screws.
  • Slotted Screwdriver: Designed for negative slotted screws.
  • Philips Screwdriver: Suitable for positive slotted screws and can handle greater torque for tighter fastenings.

Soldering Tools

• Soldering Iron: Heats up to melt solder for connecting metal parts.
• Soldering Tool Stand: Used to hold the soldering iron when not in use.
• Desoldering Tool: Used to remove soldered wires and components for troubleshooting and repairs on printed circuit boards.

Boring Tools

• Portable Electric Drill: Used for boring holes in plastics or metal with sizes ranging from 1/6 to approximately 1/4 inch.
• 12V Mini Drill: Specifically for drilling holes in printed circuit boards (PCBs) with sizes from 1/32 to 1/16 inch.
• Metal Files: Hand tools with sharp ridges or teeth, available in types like flat, half-round, and round for precision filing.

Auxiliary Tools

• Magnifying Glass: A convex lens that produces a magnified image for detailed observations.
• Paint Brush: Made of bristles to clean circuit components and other objects.

Splicing Tools

• Long Nose Pliers: Useful for holding, bending, and stretching wires or leads; also functions as wire cutters.
• Flat or Combination Pliers: Feature flat jaws, with one side sharp for cutting.
• Wire Cutter/Stripper: Blades designed for cutting and stripping wires.

Cutting Tools

• Hacksaw: Used for cutting metals; some have pistol grips for better handling.
• Utility Knife: Versatile cutting tool, requires careful handling due to its potential danger.

Electronic Equipment

• VOM (Volt-Ohm-Meter): A multifunction tool that measures voltage, resistance, and current (ohm, milliamp).
• Oscilloscope: Visualizes and measures electrical signals for detailed analysis.
• Signal Generator: Produces simple waveforms for various testing and measurement applications.