Basic Statistics Definitions

The two main factors were daily caloric intake and daily exercise level.

The levels were 1500 – 2000 calories and 2000 – 2500 calories.

There were 6 treatment groups, with a sample size of 80 men in each group.

<p>The potential bias was that participants might assume no exercise would lead to less weight loss, which could affect their motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random assignment helps minimize selection bias, ensuring that each treatment group is comparable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample is a selection or subset of members from a population, while a population is the entire group to be studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every element of the population has an equal likelihood of being chosen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive statistics involves organizing and summarizing information, while inferential statistics involves drawing conclusions about a population based on sample data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified Random Sampling involves selecting elements randomly from specific subgroups within the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cluster Sampling divides the population into clusters and randomly samples entire clusters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Univariate data involves a single variable sampled on elements; for example, measuring the height of students in a class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative variables measure non-numerical characteristics, while quantitative variables measure characteristics that can be ranked or ordered on a numerical scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systematic Sampling involves selecting every mth element from a randomly chosen starting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convenience Sampling involves selecting elements that are easily accessible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrete quantitative variables can only take on certain values, typically integers; for example, the number of students in a classroom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judgement Sampling is where the experimenter selectively chooses participants based on specific criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sampling design is a methodology for choosing elements from a population to form a sample, ensuring valid data collection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-sectional data is sampled at a particular point in time, while time-series data is sampled at multiple points in time for the same elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational Studies involve merely observing characteristics without intervention, while Designed Experiments include treatment applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A census collects data from all members of a population, whereas a sampling survey collects data from a subset of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Randomness improves the ability to make accurate projections and inferences about the population based on the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The control group provides a baseline for comparison, allowing researchers to determine the effect of the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Randomization is the process of randomly assigning subjects to groups to minimize selection bias and ensure comparable groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three key principles are control, randomization, and replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a completely randomized design, all experimental units are assigned randomly to all treatment groups without any restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a double-blind experiment, neither the participants nor the experimenters know which treatment is being administered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication involves using a sufficient number of subjects to ensure reliable results and enhances the likelihood of detecting treatment differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levels represent the possible values or categories of a factor that are tested in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sampling from similar backgrounds helps control for confounding variables, ensuring that the results are due to the treatment effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers