Basic Stack Operations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What operation initializes an empty stack?

  • pop()
  • new() (correct)
  • peek()
  • push()

    • If you perform the operations push(10), push(5), and push(15) on an initially empty stack, what is the current size of the stack?

  • 3 (correct)
  • 1
  • 2
  • 0

    • What does the pop() operation do in a stack?

  • Checks if the stack is empty
  • Removes the top element from the stack (correct)
  • Retrieves the top element without removing it
  • Adds an element to the stack

    • Which operation is used to view the top element of the stack without removing it?

    <p>peek()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the remove methods inherited from Vector never be used in a Stack implementation?

    <p>They violate LIFO guarantee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method returns an iterator over the items contained in a stack, and why is the iterator's remove() method not supported?

    <p>iterator(); It violates a stack's basic contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clear() method do in a StackADT implementation?

    <p>Resets the stack to its initial state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the search method in StackADT different from zero-based positions?

    <p>It starts from position 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method returns an iterator over the items contained in a stack, and why is the iterator's remove() method not supported?

    <p>iterator(); It violates a stack's basic contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental requirement of a StackADT?

    <p>Ability to create an empty stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation must be supported by a StackADT to add an element to the top of the stack?

    <p>Push</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key capability of a StackADT related to accessing elements?

    <p>Ability to peek the topmost element without removing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for a StackADT?

    <p>It must be possible to create an empty stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operation is used to add an element to the top of a stack?

    <p>push</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'peek' operation in a stack?

    <p>To access the topmost element without removing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of a stack for interpreters like the Java Virtual Machine?

    <p>Maintaining a stack containing intermediate results during evaluation of complicated expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a stack for parsers like compilers during the parsing process?

    <p>Maintains a stack containing symbols encountered during parsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a stack for backtrackers like undo and redo operations?

    <p>It provides an alternative to recursion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens every time a method is called in the context of the call stack?

    <p>An activation record is created and pushed onto the call stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the main() method located in the call stack?

    <p>At the bottom of the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a method finishes execution and returns control to the calling method?

    <p>The activation record is popped off the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a queue, where can elements be added and removed?

    <p>Added at the tail and removed at the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of an empty queue?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sequence is a queue?

    <p>First-in-first-out (FIFO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a queue?

    <p>Elements are added at one end and removed at the other end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of an empty queue?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the length of a queue defined?

    <p>Number of elements it contains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental requirement of a QueueADT?

    <p>It must be possible to create an empty queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operation must be supported by a QueueADT to add an element to the end of the queue?

    <p>Enqueue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be possible in a QueueADT without removing the first element from the queue?

    <p>Peek the first element in a queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of operations in the example

    <p>new(), enqueue(10), enqueue(5), enqueue(15), dequeue(), peek(), dequeue()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantos elementos es in le queue post le operation 'dequeue()'?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of 'peek()' after the 'dequeue()' operation?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application that requires preserving the order of insertion?

    <p>Print servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application maintains a queue of HTTP requests?

    <p>Web servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of applications maintain a queue of objects and events for processing?

    <p>Simulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application maintains a queue of print jobs?

    <p>Print servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of applications require preserving the order of insertion?

    <p>Simulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application maintains a queue of key presses?

    <p>Keyboard buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is not supported by the iterator returned from the iterator() method in a QueueADT implementation?

    <p>add()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to check if a queue is full in a QueueADT implementation?

    <p>isFull()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to remove all elements from a queue in a QueueADT implementation?

    <p>dequeueAll()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to return an array containing all of the items in a queue?

    <p>toArray()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is not supported for the iterator over the items contained in a queue?

    <p>remove()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to check if the queue is full in a fixed-size queue implementation?

    <p>isFull()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stack Operations and Characteristics

    • An empty stack is initialized using the operation new Stack().
    • After performing push(10), push(5), and push(15) on an empty stack, the current size of the stack is three.
    • The pop() operation removes and returns the top element from the stack.
    • The operation used to view the top element without removing it is typically called peek.
    • The remove methods inherited from Vector should not be used in stack implementations due to potential disruption of stack behavior, violating LIFO principles.
    • The method that returns an iterator over stack items is iterator(), and its remove() method is not supported as it could invalidate the stack structure.
    • The clear() method in a StackADT implementation removes all elements from the stack.
    • The search method in StackADT typically returns a one-based index, differing from zero-based positioning used in many programming languages.
    • A fundamental requirement of a StackADT is supporting operations that adhere to the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle.
    • The operation supported by StackADT to add an element is push().
    • A key capability of a StackADT related to element access is the ability to inspect the top element via peek.
    • The operation used to add an element to the top of a stack is push.
    • The purpose of the 'peek' operation is to retrieve the top element without modifying the stack.
    • Stack applications in interpreters, such as the Java Virtual Machine, involve managing function calls and local variables.
    • In parsing processes, compilers use stacks to ensure the proper order of operations and syntax rules.
    • Backtrackers utilize stacks for managing undo and redo operations by storing previous states.
    • Each time a method is called in the call stack, a new frame is created with local variables and control information.
    • The main() method is situated at the bottom of the call stack.
    • Upon method completion, control is returned to the invoking method, typically with a return value.

    Queue Operations and Characteristics

    • In a queue, elements are added at the rear and removed from the front.
    • The length of an empty queue is zero.
    • A queue represents a First In, First Out (FIFO) sequence.
    • The key characteristic of a queue is the orderly processing of elements in the order they were added.
    • The length of a queue is defined as the count of elements currently in it.
    • A fundamental requirement of a QueueADT is to maintain the FIFO principle.
    • The operation supported by a QueueADT to add an element at the end is enqueue().
    • In a QueueADT, it should be possible to view the first element using peek() without removing it.
    • Post the dequeue() operation, the queue will have one less element than before.
    • The result of peek() after dequeue() reflects the next element in the queue.
    • A common application requiring order preservation is task scheduling.
    • Web servers maintain a queue of HTTP requests to manage incoming traffic.
    • Event-driven applications employ queues to manage objects and events for processing.
    • Print job management systems maintain a queue of print tasks to ensure order.
    • Applications like keyboard input processing maintain queues to manage key presses.
    • The iterator returned from iterator() in a QueueADT implementation does not support the remove() method.
    • To check if a queue is full in a QueueADT implementation, a method like isFull() is used.
    • The method used to remove all elements from a queue in a QueueADT implementation is clear().
    • A method that returns an array of all items in a queue is typically toArray().
    • The remove() method is not supported for the iterator over queue items in a QueueADT.
    • In a fixed-size queue implementation, a method like isFull() is also employed to check capacity.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of basic stack operations with this quiz. Answer questions about stack initialization, size after pushing elements, and the effects of pop() operation. See how well you understand the fundamental concepts of stacks.

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