Basic Simulation Model Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of resources in a simulation model?

  • To represent entities in different states
  • To create events during a simulation run
  • To process or serve the entities in the queue (correct)
  • To track the state of the system

Which statement best describes a problem statement?

  • Describes a specific problem with a vision, issue, and method (correct)
  • Is used solely for identifying simulation tools
  • Is not necessary for simulation analysis
  • Only summarizes the system elements involved

How does queue time differ from system time in a simulation model?

  • Queue time includes time spent on processing
  • Both measures refer to total time in the system
  • System time is always longer than queue time
  • Queue time counts time spent only waiting in a queue (correct)

What does a Fishbone Chart help to identify in problem formulation?

<p>Causes of a problem or effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What requires a formal problem statement in simulation analysis?

<p>Determining whether to analyze the situation with simulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is represented by the Pareto chart?

<p>20% of the causes lead to 80% of the problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a measure of performance statistics in a simulation model?

<p>Input Demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the utilization rate indicate in a simulation model?

<p>The extent to which resources are being used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Initial Orientation Visit in a simulation project?

<p>To obtain a high-level understanding of inputs and outputs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is primarily used to represent the schedule in project management?

<p>Gantt Chart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves assigning the project to a project manager?

<p>Conceptual Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a nonterminating simulation, what aspect of the system is analyzed?

<p>Steady-state behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an internal stakeholder in a simulation project?

<p>Software vendor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of the Delphi Process?

<p>To conduct anonymous voting after brainstorming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which project management tool provides a hierarchy of tasks?

<p>Work Breakdown Structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a project manager play in project management?

<p>Oversees and organizes all project phases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flowchart symbol is used to indicate a decision block?

<p>Diamond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a process in a simulation model?

<p>A series of steps and decisions in completing work. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during the Execution phase of a simulation project?

<p>Completing technical project activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term balking refer to concerning queue behavior?

<p>Entering a queue and leaving before joining it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a High-level Flowchart primarily help in understanding?

<p>Fundamental system logic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of distribution is most commonly used to model interarrival times in simulation?

<p>Exponential Distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is associated with the project budget?

<p>Cost Parameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In queue management, what does FIFO stand for?

<p>First In First Out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modes of planning is a successive lower division of project tasks?

<p>Work Breakdown Structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term reneging indicate in queue behavior?

<p>Leaving a queue after deciding it takes too long. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the problem statement phase in a project?

<p>Utilizing simulation models for decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the Shortest Processing Time (SPT) mechanism in queue management?

<p>Selecting the entity with the least remaining time to complete. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of parallel queues?

<p>Entities can switch between queues for better processing chances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which input data type includes the time between the arrivals of batches of entities?

<p>Interarrival Times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following data collection methods is considered a direct observation?

<p>Physically watching the process in real-time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of scheduled maintenance in a system?

<p>To reduce resource availability for system upkeep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which testing approach is commonly used for assessing the goodness of fit in data analysis?

<p>Chi-Square Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data collection compromise should be clearly documented in a project report?

<p>Assumptions made during the project. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error does the square error approach assess?

<p>Summed total of squared differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which distribution is characterized by covering the range between 0 and 1?

<p>Beta Distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Entity

Something that changes the state of a system. Can be a person or object.

Queue

A simulation term for lines of entities waiting for service.

Resource

Something (like a server) that processes entities in a queue.

Problem Statement

A clear description of an issue, including vision, problem details, and solution method.

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Fishbone Chart

A diagram to identify the causes of a problem (also called cause-and-effect diagram, or Ishikawa diagram).

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Pareto Chart

A chart used to identify the most significant factors contributing to a problem, often following the 80/20 rule.

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System Time

Total time an entity spends in the entire system.

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Queue Time

Time an entity spends waiting in the queue.

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Simulation Modeling

Method for analyzing a system by mimicking its behavior using a model.

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Orientation Process

Visits to understand system inputs & outputs, operations, and to review understanding.

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Brainstorming

Generating many ideas for project objectives.

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Nominal Group Technique

A method for prioritizing project objectives through voting.

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Delphi Process

Anonymous voting on project objectives, after brainstorming.

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Project Management

A structured way to manage project lifecycles.

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Project Manager

Leader of the project team, focused on goal achievement.

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Project Parameters

Key factors affecting a project, especially duration and cost.

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Gantt Chart

A bar chart illustrating project schedule and tasks.

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Project Life Cycle

Stages of a project, from initiation to completion.

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Project Stakeholders

Individuals or groups with an interest in the project.

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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Breaking down a project into smaller, manageable tasks.

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High-level Flowchart

Graphical representation of major components and events in a system.

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Discrete vs. Continuous Systems

Systems classified by whether they have continuous changes over time.

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Terminating Simulation

Simulation that begins and ends at specific times or states.

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What are 'system entities'?

Elements processed by a system. Think of things like customers, jobs, or orders.

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What are 'system resources'?

Parts of the system that process entities. These are like machines, servers, or employees..

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Interarrival Times

Time between the arrival of entities or groups of entities in a simulation.

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Batch Sizes

Number of entities arriving at the same time to be processed by a system.

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Balking

When an entity enters a system, but leaves before entering a queue.

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Reneging

When an entity joins a queue, but leaves before being processed.

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Jockeying

When an entity switches between different queues.

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FIFO Queue

First In, First Out. This is like a line at a grocery store.

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LIFO Queue

Last In, First Out. Think of a stack of plates.

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What is a Uniform Distribution?

Describes something where every value has an equal chance of occurring.

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What is an Exponential Distribution?

Commonly used to model arrival times. Imagine a customer arriving every 'X' minutes, on average.

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What does a 'Normal Distribution' look like?

A bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical. Most values cluster around the average.

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What is a Triangular Distribution?

Used when we don't have complete information and suspect the data isn't uniform.

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What is the purpose of data collected on 'failure rates'?

Understanding how often a process or resource will fail. This helps plan for downtime and maintenance.

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What is the purpose of data collected on 'scheduled maintenance'?

This helps plan for regular maintenance to reduce the risk of equipment failures.

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Study Notes

Basic Simulation Model Concepts

  • Entities: Things that change the system's state; could be people or objects.
  • Queues: Simulation term for lines.
  • Resources: Process or serve entities in queues; can be idle or busy.
  • Simulation Event Lists: Track events affecting the system's state during the simulation.

Measures of Performance Statistics

  • System Time: Observed measure; total time an entity spends in the system.
  • Queue Time: Observed measure; time an entity spends in the queue.
  • Time-Average Number in Queue: Time-dependent statistic; not directly related to the number of processed entities.
  • Utilization: Time-dependent statistic; idle = 0 utilization, busy = 1 utilization.

Problem Formulation

  • Problem Statement: Clear description of issues, including vision, issue, and solution method.
  • Formal Problem Statement: Initial step, determining if simulation is the appropriate tool.
  • Problem Statement Purpose: Increase customer satisfaction, throughput, reduce waste, and work in process.
  • Fishbone Chart (Cause-and-Effect): Identifies problem causes using a diagram; head is the problem, bones are potential causes.
  • Pareto Chart: Technique using the 80/20 rule; 80% of problems are caused by 20% of factors, developed by Wilfredo Pareto.
  • Orientation: Familiarization with the system; crucial for accurate modeling.
  • Orientation Visits: Initial, detailed, and review visits to understand inputs, outputs, and operation details.
  • Decision-Making Tools: Brainstorming, Nominal Group Technique (voting on ideas), and Delphi Process (anonymous voting).

Project Planning

  • Project Management: Methodical approach to identify and manage incidents/problems.
  • Project Manager: Organized, passionate, and goal-oriented, understanding the strategic role in organizational success.
  • Project Parameters: Time (Gantt chart), cost, performance.
  • Project Life Cycle: Conceptual (initial organization decision), Planning (team members, WBS, LRC, Gantt), Execution (activities), and Completion (report, presentation).
  • Project Stakeholders: Individuals or organizations with vested interest.
  • Internal Stakeholders: Directly associated (project manager, analyst, statisticians, data collectors, functional managers).
  • External Stakeholders: Not directly associated (software vendor/developer, regulatory agencies, competitors, public).
  • Problem Manager Functions: Planning, organizing, motivating, directing, and controlling.
  • Planning a Simulation Project: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), Linear Responsibility Chart (LRC), Gantt chart.
  • Project Compression: Speeding up the project by optimizing time without affecting cost.

System Definition

  • Systems Classifications: Discrete, continuous, and combined systems; terminating, non-terminating systems.
  • High-level Flowcharts: Fundamental understanding of system logic, graphically depicting interactions and data roles.
  • Standard Flowchart Symbols: Oval (start/end), Rectangle (general process), Parallelogram (input/output), Diamond (decision).
  • Components and Events: Model components (personnel, machines) & processes (series of work actions) & events; parallel and single snake queues, queue types.
  • Queue Prioritization: -FIFO (First-In, First-Out), -LIFO (Last-In, First-Out), -SPT (Shortest Processing Time), -LPT (Longest Processing Time), -LVF (Lowest Value First), -HVF (Highest Value First), -User-defined rules.
  • Queue Entity Behavior: Balking (leaving before queue), Reneging (leaving before processing), and Jockeying (switching queues).
  • Data to be Included in the Model: Input data (historical records, manufacturer specs, vendor claims, operator estimates, automatic data).
  • Input Data: Interarrival Times, Batch Sizes, Queue Entity Behavior, Service Times, Failure Rates, Scheduled Maintenance, Break Times, Movement Times, Types of Data (probabilistic, deterministic, discrete, continuous).
  • Input Data Collection Principles: Break down data into many independent types.

Input Data Collection and Analysis

  • Source Data: Historical records, manufacturer specifications, vendor claims, operator estimates, management estimates, automatic data capture.
  • Input Data Distributions: Bernoulli, uniform, exponential, normal, triangular, beta, gamma, Weibull distributions.
  • Analyzing Input Data: Graphic approach, Chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, square error.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts of simulation models, including entities, queues, and resource management. This quiz will also cover performance statistics and problem formulation techniques used in simulations. Perfect for students and professionals looking to refine their skills in system simulation.

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