Podcast
Questions and Answers
Visual responses are examined in a socially ______ manner.
Visual responses are examined in a socially ______ manner.
acceptable
Techniques such as drawing and mapping help avoid the need for ______ skills.
Techniques such as drawing and mapping help avoid the need for ______ skills.
verbal
Naturalistic observation involves observing people in their natural ______.
Naturalistic observation involves observing people in their natural ______.
surroundings
Laboratory observation provides a better description and more ______ than naturalistic observation.
Laboratory observation provides a better description and more ______ than naturalistic observation.
Participants are tested on abilities, skills, knowledge, or ______ responses.
Participants are tested on abilities, skills, knowledge, or ______ responses.
Behavioral and performance measures provide objectively measured ______ information.
Behavioral and performance measures provide objectively measured ______ information.
Observer bias can occur without ______ conditions.
Observer bias can occur without ______ conditions.
Naturalistic observation attempts to avoid altering behavior by observing people in ______ conditions.
Naturalistic observation attempts to avoid altering behavior by observing people in ______ conditions.
A correlational study attempts to find a relationship between two ______ variables.
A correlational study attempts to find a relationship between two ______ variables.
Correlational studies can help generate ______ concerning causal relationships.
Correlational studies can help generate ______ concerning causal relationships.
In correlational studies, researchers analyze the relationship between one variable based on ______ of another.
In correlational studies, researchers analyze the relationship between one variable based on ______ of another.
Correlational studies enable the ______ of potential outcomes based on variable interactions.
Correlational studies enable the ______ of potential outcomes based on variable interactions.
In __________ studies, researchers often look for relationships between variables.
In __________ studies, researchers often look for relationships between variables.
While correlational studies are useful, they cannot establish ______ and effect.
While correlational studies are useful, they cannot establish ______ and effect.
Correlational studies can identify __________ between two or more variables.
Correlational studies can identify __________ between two or more variables.
One limitation of correlational studies is that they cannot establish __________ between variables.
One limitation of correlational studies is that they cannot establish __________ between variables.
These studies often measure the strength and direction of a ______ relationship.
These studies often measure the strength and direction of a ______ relationship.
Correlational studies can show that two variables are ______, but not that one causes the other.
Correlational studies can show that two variables are ______, but not that one causes the other.
The __________ coefficient is used to determine the strength and direction of a relationship in correlational studies.
The __________ coefficient is used to determine the strength and direction of a relationship in correlational studies.
A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other ______ also tends to increase.
A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other ______ also tends to increase.
Correlational studies can be __________ and less expensive than experimental designs.
Correlational studies can be __________ and less expensive than experimental designs.
One advantage of correlational studies is their ability to study variables in __________ settings.
One advantage of correlational studies is their ability to study variables in __________ settings.
In correlational research, a positive correlation indicates that as one variable __________, the other variable also tends to increase.
In correlational research, a positive correlation indicates that as one variable __________, the other variable also tends to increase.
Correlational studies can help generate __________ for further experimental research.
Correlational studies can help generate __________ for further experimental research.
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Study Notes
Basic Research Design
- Case Study: An in-depth examination of an individual that offers detailed insights into behavior and development, generating hypotheses.
- Advantages of Case Studies: Provides flexibility and detailed pictures but lacks generalizability and cannot directly establish causation.
- Ethnographic Study: Focuses on cultural dynamics; helps mitigate cultural biases and tests the universality of developmental phenomena.
- Correlational Study: Investigates relationships between variables, allowing predictions regarding causation, but cannot confirm cause and effect.
Research Designs for Studying Human Development
- Cross-Sectional Design: Data collected from various ages simultaneously; beneficial for finding differences between age groups and is efficient but fails to establish age effects and can suffer from cohort effects.
- Longitudinal Design: Follows the same individuals over time to observe changes or continuity; although it accounts for age-related effects, it is resource-intensive and may introduce attrition and sample bias.
- Visual Techniques: Utilize drawing or mapping to gather data through non-verbal means which can reduce phrasing biases in questioning.
- Naturalistic Observation: Involves observing individuals in their natural environments without interference; provides authentic data but is prone to observer bias.
- Laboratory Observation: Conducted in a more controlled environment, enhancing data precision while potentially introducing artificiality.
- Behavioral and Performance Measures: Assess participants’ abilities or responses objectively, circumventing subjective biases but may not capture non-behavioral dimensions.
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