Basic Physics Fundamentals

Basic Physics

Fundamentals

• Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Energy: The ability to do work.
• Space: The three-dimensional expanse that contains all matter.
• Time: A measure of the duration between events.

Physical Quantities

• Scalars: Quantities with only magnitude (e.g., temperature, mass).
• Vectors: Quantities with both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity).

Measurement

• SI Units: The International System of Units, used to standardize measurements.
  • Length: Meter (m)
  • Mass: Kilogram (kg)
  • Time: Second (s)
  • Temperature: Kelvin (K)

Kinematics

• Motion: The change in position of an object over time.
• Displacement: The distance between an object's initial and final positions.
• Velocity: The rate of change of an object's displacement.
• Acceleration: The rate of change of an object's velocity.

Forces

• Newton's First Law: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion, unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law: Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma).
• Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Energy and Work

• Kinetic Energy: The energy of an object due to its motion.
• Potential Energy: The energy of an object due to its position or state.
• Work: The transfer of energy from one object to another through a force applied over a distance.

Fundamentals of Physics

• Matter has mass and occupies space.
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Space is the three-dimensional expanse that contains all matter.
• Time is a measure of the duration between events.

Physical Quantities

• Scalars are quantities with only magnitude (e.g., temperature, mass).
• Vectors are quantities with both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity).

Measurement in Physics

• The International System of Units (SI Units) is used to standardize measurements.
• Common SI Units include:
  • Meter (m) for length
  • Kilogram (kg) for mass
  • Second (s) for time
  • Kelvin (K) for temperature

Kinematics: Describing Motion

• Motion is the change in position of an object over time.
• Displacement is the distance between an object's initial and final positions.
• Velocity is the rate of change of an object's displacement.
• Acceleration is the rate of change of an object's velocity.

Forces and Newton's Laws

• Newton's First Law: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion, unless acted upon by an external force.
• Newton's Second Law: Force (F) is equal to the mass (m) of an object multiplied by its acceleration (a) - F = ma.
• Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Energy and Work

• Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion.
• Potential energy is the energy of an object due to its position or state.
• Work is the transfer of energy from one object to another through a force applied over a distance.