Basic Math Facts and Number Bonds

Basic Facts

• Addition and subtraction facts within 20, such as 5 + 3 = 8, 7 - 2 = 5
• Focus on memorization of basic facts to build fluency
• Examples:
  • Addition: 1 + 1 = 2, 2 + 2 = 4, 3 + 3 = 6
  • Subtraction: 5 - 1 = 4, 8 - 2 = 6, 9 - 3 = 6

Number Bonds

• A number bond is a pair of numbers that add up to a certain number
• Example: 3 + 7 = 10, so 3 and 7 are number bonds for 10
• Number bonds help with mental math and building fluency with addition and subtraction facts
• Examples:
  • Number bonds for 10: 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, 5 + 5
  • Number bonds for 15: 5 + 10, 6 + 9, 7 + 8

Counting On

• Counting on is a strategy used to solve addition problems
• Start with the first number and count on the second number
• Example: 5 + 3 = ?, start with 5 and count on 3: 5, 6, 7, 8
• Counting on helps build fluency with addition facts and promotes mental math

Counting Back

• Counting back is a strategy used to solve subtraction problems
• Start with the first number and count back the second number
• Example: 8 - 3 = ?, start with 8 and count back 3: 8, 7, 6, 5
• Counting back helps build fluency with subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Making Ten

• Making ten is a strategy used to solve addition and subtraction problems
• Focus on making a ten by adding or subtracting numbers to get close to ten
• Example: 8 + 2 = ?, make ten by adding 2 to 8: 8, 9, 10
• Making ten helps build fluency with addition and subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Basic Facts

• Memorize addition and subtraction facts within 20 to build fluency
• Examples of basic addition facts: 1 + 1 = 2, 2 + 2 = 4, 3 + 3 = 6
• Examples of basic subtraction facts: 5 - 1 = 4, 8 - 2 = 6, 9 - 3 = 6

Number Bonds

• Number bonds are pairs of numbers that add up to a specific number
• Example: 3 and 7 are number bonds for 10 because 3 + 7 = 10
• Number bonds help with mental math and fluency in addition and subtraction facts
• Examples of number bonds:
  • For 10: 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, 5 + 5
  • For 15: 5 + 10, 6 + 9, 7 + 8

Counting On

• Counting on is a strategy for solving addition problems
• Start with the first number and count on the second number
• Example: 5 + 3 = ?, start with 5 and count on 3: 5, 6, 7, 8
• Counting on builds fluency with addition facts and promotes mental math

Counting Back

• Counting back is a strategy for solving subtraction problems
• Start with the first number and count back the second number
• Example: 8 - 3 = ?, start with 8 and count back 3: 8, 7, 6, 5
• Counting back builds fluency with subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Making Ten

• Making ten is a strategy for solving addition and subtraction problems
• Focus on making a ten by adding or subtracting numbers to get close to ten
• Example: 8 + 2 = ?, make ten by adding 2 to 8: 8, 9, 10
• Making ten builds fluency with addition and subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Test your knowledge of basic addition and subtraction facts within 20 and understand number bonds. Fluency with these fundamentals is crucial for mental math and problem-solving skills.