Basic Math Facts and Number Bonds

Basic Facts

• Addition and subtraction facts within 20, such as 5 + 3 = 8, 7 - 2 = 5
• Focus on memorization of basic facts to build fluency
• Examples:
  • Addition: 1 + 1 = 2, 2 + 2 = 4, 3 + 3 = 6
  • Subtraction: 5 - 1 = 4, 8 - 2 = 6, 9 - 3 = 6

Number Bonds

• A number bond is a pair of numbers that add up to a certain number
• Example: 3 + 7 = 10, so 3 and 7 are number bonds for 10
• Number bonds help with mental math and building fluency with addition and subtraction facts
• Examples:
  • Number bonds for 10: 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, 5 + 5
  • Number bonds for 15: 5 + 10, 6 + 9, 7 + 8

Counting On

• Counting on is a strategy used to solve addition problems
• Start with the first number and count on the second number
• Example: 5 + 3 = ?, start with 5 and count on 3: 5, 6, 7, 8
• Counting on helps build fluency with addition facts and promotes mental math

Counting Back

• Counting back is a strategy used to solve subtraction problems
• Start with the first number and count back the second number
• Example: 8 - 3 = ?, start with 8 and count back 3: 8, 7, 6, 5
• Counting back helps build fluency with subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Making Ten

• Making ten is a strategy used to solve addition and subtraction problems
• Focus on making a ten by adding or subtracting numbers to get close to ten
• Example: 8 + 2 = ?, make ten by adding 2 to 8: 8, 9, 10
• Making ten helps build fluency with addition and subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Basic Facts

• Memorize addition and subtraction facts within 20 to build fluency
• Examples of basic addition facts: 1 + 1 = 2, 2 + 2 = 4, 3 + 3 = 6
• Examples of basic subtraction facts: 5 - 1 = 4, 8 - 2 = 6, 9 - 3 = 6

Number Bonds

• Number bonds are pairs of numbers that add up to a specific number
• Example: 3 and 7 are number bonds for 10 because 3 + 7 = 10
• Number bonds help with mental math and fluency in addition and subtraction facts
• Examples of number bonds:
  • For 10: 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7, 4 + 6, 5 + 5
  • For 15: 5 + 10, 6 + 9, 7 + 8

Counting On

• Counting on is a strategy for solving addition problems
• Start with the first number and count on the second number
• Example: 5 + 3 = ?, start with 5 and count on 3: 5, 6, 7, 8
• Counting on builds fluency with addition facts and promotes mental math

Counting Back

• Counting back is a strategy for solving subtraction problems
• Start with the first number and count back the second number
• Example: 8 - 3 = ?, start with 8 and count back 3: 8, 7, 6, 5
• Counting back builds fluency with subtraction facts and promotes mental math

Making Ten

• Making ten is a strategy for solving addition and subtraction problems
• Focus on making a ten by adding or subtracting numbers to get close to ten
• Example: 8 + 2 = ?, make ten by adding 2 to 8: 8, 9, 10
• Making ten builds fluency with addition and subtraction facts and promotes mental math