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Questions and Answers
What is a primary reason for using hydraulic fluid instead of other fluids in hydraulic systems?
What is a primary reason for using hydraulic fluid instead of other fluids in hydraulic systems?
Hydraulic fluid resists shear forces when it is static.
Hydraulic fluid resists shear forces when it is static.
False (B)
Name three tasks that hydraulic fluid performs within a hydraulic system.
Name three tasks that hydraulic fluid performs within a hydraulic system.
Lubrication, cooling, and transmission of force
One major function of hydraulic fluid is to provide ______ for moving parts, reducing wear and tear.
One major function of hydraulic fluid is to provide ______ for moving parts, reducing wear and tear.
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Match the following characteristics with their implication in a hydraulic system:
Match the following characteristics with their implication in a hydraulic system:
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Which of the following is NOT a typical application of hydraulics?
Which of the following is NOT a typical application of hydraulics?
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Hydraulic schematics are primarily used to confuse technicians.
Hydraulic schematics are primarily used to confuse technicians.
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What is the primary function of hydraulic symbols?
What is the primary function of hydraulic symbols?
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A hydraulic schematic is a road map or representation of a hydraulic ______.
A hydraulic schematic is a road map or representation of a hydraulic ______.
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Which of the following is an example of a mining equipment that uses hydraulics?
Which of the following is an example of a mining equipment that uses hydraulics?
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Hydraulic systems are not used in marine applications.
Hydraulic systems are not used in marine applications.
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Give one example of Manufacturing and Industrial Machinery that uses hydraulics.
Give one example of Manufacturing and Industrial Machinery that uses hydraulics.
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The complexity in hydraulic systems can be challenging for ______.
The complexity in hydraulic systems can be challenging for ______.
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Match the following hydraulic applications to their respective fields:
Match the following hydraulic applications to their respective fields:
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What is the main purpose of using standard hydraulic symbols in schematics?
What is the main purpose of using standard hydraulic symbols in schematics?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical application for accumulators?
Which of the following is NOT a typical application for accumulators?
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Accumulators should be horizontally positioned for optimal performance.
Accumulators should be horizontally positioned for optimal performance.
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What type of gas is recommended for pre-charging accumulators?
What type of gas is recommended for pre-charging accumulators?
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A piston type accumulator is shaped in the form of a cylinder without a ______.
A piston type accumulator is shaped in the form of a cylinder without a ______.
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Match each accumulator type with its description:
Match each accumulator type with its description:
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What is the recommended range for pre-charge pressure in an accumulator, relative to the minimum working pressure?
What is the recommended range for pre-charge pressure in an accumulator, relative to the minimum working pressure?
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It is safe to use oxygen when pre-charging hydraulic accumulators.
It is safe to use oxygen when pre-charging hydraulic accumulators.
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Name two safety measures to consider when using hydraulic accumulators.
Name two safety measures to consider when using hydraulic accumulators.
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What is the primary function of the fluid in a hydraulic system?
What is the primary function of the fluid in a hydraulic system?
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Conductors in a hydraulic system are responsible for storing the hydraulic oil.
Conductors in a hydraulic system are responsible for storing the hydraulic oil.
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What is the typical fluid used in hydraulic systems?
What is the typical fluid used in hydraulic systems?
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In an open loop hydraulic system, the fluid flows from the reservoir to the pump, then to the actuator, and finally back to the ______.
In an open loop hydraulic system, the fluid flows from the reservoir to the pump, then to the actuator, and finally back to the ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an open loop hydraulic system?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an open loop hydraulic system?
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A closed loop hydraulic system recycles oil between the pump and the actuator.
A closed loop hydraulic system recycles oil between the pump and the actuator.
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Name one industry where closed loop hydraulic systems are frequently used due to their high pressure applications?
Name one industry where closed loop hydraulic systems are frequently used due to their high pressure applications?
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In a closed loop system, the actuators achieve positions and demonstrate a ______ response time.
In a closed loop system, the actuators achieve positions and demonstrate a ______ response time.
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Match the following hydraulic system types with their characteristics:
Match the following hydraulic system types with their characteristics:
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What is NOT a characteristic of a closed loop hydraulic system?
What is NOT a characteristic of a closed loop hydraulic system?
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Which of the following is NOT a basic component of a hydraulic system?
Which of the following is NOT a basic component of a hydraulic system?
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Valves are exclusively used to control the pressure of hydraulic fluid.
Valves are exclusively used to control the pressure of hydraulic fluid.
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What is the purpose of an actuator in a hydraulic system?
What is the purpose of an actuator in a hydraulic system?
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A hydraulic system often uses a ________ to store hydraulic fluid.
A hydraulic system often uses a ________ to store hydraulic fluid.
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Match the hydraulic component with its primary function:
Match the hydraulic component with its primary function:
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What type of motion is produced by a hydraulic cylinder?
What type of motion is produced by a hydraulic cylinder?
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A hydraulic motor produces linear motion.
A hydraulic motor produces linear motion.
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What is the role of a 'prime mover' in a hydraulic system?
What is the role of a 'prime mover' in a hydraulic system?
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The device that removes contamination from the hydraulic fluid is called a ________.
The device that removes contamination from the hydraulic fluid is called a ________.
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Which category does a valve belong to in a hydraulic system?
Which category does a valve belong to in a hydraulic system?
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Study Notes
Basic Hydraulics Module 1
- This module covers basic hydraulics, safety, and components.
- Hydraulics uses pressurized fluid to transmit power.
- Safety is crucial, including appropriate PPE, lifting techniques, and oil disposal procedures.
Table of Contents
- The document has an organized table of contents, listing each section and its page number.
- Key topics covered in the module are safety, introduction, hydraulic symbols, basic hydraulic systems, hydraulic fluid, hydraulic tanks, filters, and pumps, and more.
Safety in Hydraulics
- Hydraulics operates at high pressures, requiring careful handling.
- Common safety risks include flying debris, dermatitis, cancer risk from fluid contact, burns, and crushing injuries.
- Safe practices include PPE (personal protective equipment), appropriate lifting techniques, and house-keeping measures.
Introduction to Hydraulics
- Hydraulics is the transmission of force and movement using pressurized fluid.
- Three methods for transmitting power are mechanical, electrical, and fluid power.
- Fluid power, coupled with both mechanical and electrical, is a key topic covered in the module.
Basic Hydraulic Symbols
- Hydraulic symbols provide clear representations of how each hydraulic component functions.
- A schematic, a road map or representation of a hydraulic system is useful for identifying potential problems or causes of a potential failure.
Basic Hydraulic System Components
- Components include: reservoir/tank, pump, filter, valves, hydraulic lines, prime mover, and actuators.
Categories in a Hydraulic System
- Control Devices: Control the direction of the hydraulic fluid flow from the pump to the actuator.
- Output Devices: Convert hydraulic power to mechanical power (linear or rotary motion).
Hydraulic Fluid
- Hydraulic fluid is the lifeblood of a hydraulic system.
- Important properties include (but are not limited to): compressibility, shear, viscosity, temperature, and compatibility. Water is generally not a suitable alternative as a hydraulic fluid because it corrodes parts and it has a lower temperature operating range than hydraulic oil.
Hydraulic Tank (Reservoir) Functions
- Fluid storage: Providing a consistent supply of fluid to circulate.
- Cooling: Allows heat to be dissipated.
- Separation of air and contaminants: Facilitates the separation of contaminants from the fluid.
- Fluid Level Control: Ensures sufficient fluid for the system's requirements.
Hydraulic Tank Characteristics
- Storage: Keeps fluid in a cool, dry area.
- Ventilation: Allows air to enter and exit.
- Baffles: Guide the fluid flow to prevent contamination.
- Components: Sight glass, drain plug, breather, and filters aid in the operation or maintenance of the tank.
Filtration
- Filters are crucial for reducing contaminants.
- Contaminants can enter the system during assembly or operation.
- Types of contaminants include metals, polymers, and fibers.
Filter Parameters
- Filters are rated by their maximum pressure and flow capabilities.
- Microns measurement represents the smallest size of particle that can be filtered.
- Beta rating is the ratio comparing the count of particles of a given size before and after filtration (i.e. efficiency).
Types of Filters (including suction and return)
- Suction filters are located at the inlet of a pump to prevent contaminants.
- Return filters are placed in the return line to catch contaminants before they re-enter the system.
Pumps
- Pumps are used to move hydraulic fluid.
- Types of pumps include positive displacement (gear, vane, piston) and non-positive displacement.
- Important characteristics of pumps include flow rate, mode of displacement, and resistance.
- Factors that can destroy a pump include aeration (air entering the suction line), cavitation (forming air bubbles in the liquid inside the pump).
Flow
- Understanding laminar (smooth, orderly) and turbulent (irregular) flow is important
- Flow is affected by pump RPM, restrictions in the system and other factors.
Prime Mover
- Electric motor (efficient, no emissions, easy maintenance)
- Diesel engine (uses chemical energy, high power in a narrow range, complex construction.)
Power Rating
- Drive unit power is typically calculated using flow rate and efficiency factors
Hydraulic lines
- Hydraulic lines transport fluid from the reservoir to the pump and then to the actuators.
- Materials include steel pipes, or hoses and fittings.
- Important considerations in selecting lines include temperature, working pressure, components, materials and environmental conditions.
Accumulators
- Accumulators store pressurized fluid that can be used to help with energy storage, emergency operation, shock absorption, or compensate for volume changes.
- Types of accumulators include bladder, diaphragm, piston, spring, and loaded weight, which are useful in varying applications.
- Cautions on accumulator use may concern pressure, positioning and the use of appropriate tools.
Pressure Control Valves
- Pressure relief valves and pressure-reducing valves safeguard the system from excessive pressure.
- Pressure relief valves maintain a consistent pressure and pressure reducing valves regulate flow and pressure from higher pressure to lower pressure points.
Flow Control Valves
- Flow control devices regulate the flow rate, such as throttle valves, sequence valves, compensators, and other specific flow control devices.
Actuators
- Actuators receive the hydraulic power and convert it into mechanical force (e.g., linear or rotational motion)
- Types include cylinders (single acting and double acting—including those with variable damping and telescopic cylinders) and hydraulic motors (using various mechanisms for converting fluid power into rotational power).
Hydraulic Motors
- Hydraulic motors convert hydraulic energy into rotational mechanical energy.
- Types include gear, vane, and piston.
Pascal's Law
- Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally throughout.
- This principle is used to multiply forces.
Hydraulic System Maintenance
- A 9-step general maintenance process is recommended.
- Specific maintenance tips are also given.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of hydraulics in this comprehensive quiz covering basic principles, safety protocols, and key components. Learn about hydraulic systems, symbols, and the importance of safety equipment and practices when handling pressurized fluids. Perfect for beginners seeking a solid foundation in hydraulic technology.
