51 Questions
Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the protective function?
pericardium
What type of tissue makes up the myocardium?
cardiac muscle tissue
Where in the heart is the endocardium located?
innermost layer
How many chambers does the heart have?
four
Which part of the heart wall is encased by the pericardium?
the entire heart
Which vein is the first choice for routine venipuncture?
Median cubital vein
Where is the cephalic vein located relative to the antecubital area?
Lateral
Why is the basilic vein considered the last choice for venipuncture?
It rolls easily and covers the median nerve
Which vein is found on the inner side of the antecubital area?
Basilic vein
What is the anatomical term for the shallow depression in the arm anterior to the bend in the elbow?
Antecubital fossa
Which vein can be used for venipuncture if the veins in the arm are not suitable?
Dorsal metacarpal veins
Which vein requires provider permission before use for blood sample collection?
Femoral vein
Where is the dorsal venous network located?
On the back of the hand
Which statement is true about vein patterns for venipuncture?
Vein patterns can vary from person to person.
Which module will discuss venipuncture in more detail?
Module 5
Which vein can be used for venipuncture if a phlebotomist is unsure about the veins in the arm?
Dorsal metacarpal veins
Where is the femoral vein located?
Leg
Which vein is the second choice for venipuncture in the antecubital area?
Cephalic vein
What potential complications can arise from puncturing the basilic vein?
Accidental puncture of the median nerve
Which vein is located in the center of the antecubital area and is commonly used for venipuncture?
Median cubital vein
What is the main function of the heart?
Pump blood
Where does oxygen-poor blood from the body initially enter the heart?
Right atrium
Which valve opens to allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
Into which vessels does the blood flow from the right ventricle after the pulmonary valve opens?
Pulmonary artery
After picking up oxygen in the lungs, where does the blood flow next?
Left atrium
Which valve allows the oxygen-rich blood to move from the left ventricle to the aortic arch?
Aortic valve
Which of the following initiates the contraction of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
A complete cardiac cycle includes which of the following?
Both contraction and relaxation of the heart
Which of these vital signs is NOT typically used to assess normal heart function?
Respiratory rate
What kind of cells compose the electrical conduction system of the heart?
Specialized muscle cells
Which component of the heart's electrical conduction system directly follows the SA node?
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decrease in platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
What test is specifically used to evaluate the intrinsic and common pathways of coagulation?
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Hemophilia is typically caused by a deficiency in which of the following?
Coagulation factors
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is primarily a problem affecting which part of the body?
Large vein of the leg
Which vessel transports oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium?
Inferior vena cava
Which lab test is commonly used to detect the presence of an abnormal or excessive clotting disorder?
D-dimer
Where does oxygen-poor blood from the upper body return to the heart?
Right atrium
Which structure directly receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body?
Right atrium
Which of the following is true about the superior vena cava?
It carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
What is the main function of the inferior vena cava?
To return oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium
Which valve opens to allow blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
Where does oxygen-rich blood enter after leaving the lungs?
Left atrium
What happens when the ventricles contract in the heart?
The pulmonary and aortic valves open.
Which blood vessel returns oxygen-poor blood to the heart?
Vena cava
Which chamber of the heart does oxygen-rich blood flow into from the left atrium?
Left ventricle
What is the function of the left side of the heart?
Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the arteries to the body
Which of the following statements is true about the chambers of the heart?
There are four chambers: Two atria on the top and two ventricles on the bottom
Which of the following correctly describes 'anatomy'?
The structure of an organism's organ or bone
What is the main purpose of the human body systems working together?
To maintain homeostasis
What is the primary function of the right side of the heart?
Receives oxygen-poor blood from veins and pumps it to the lungs
Study Notes
Veins for Obtaining Blood Samples
- The antecubital fossa is the primary venipuncture site, located in the shallow depression in the arm anterior to the bend in the elbow.
- The median cubital vein is the first choice for routine venipuncture, located in the center of the antecubital area.
- The cephalic vein is the second choice, located lateral to the antecubital area.
- The basilic vein is the last choice, located in the inner side of the antecubital area, which is easy to palpate but rolls and covers the median nerve, making it prone to accidental puncture.
Hand
- The dorsal venous network, including the dorsal metacarpal veins, can be used for venipuncture if the phlebotomist is unsure about the veins in the arm.
Leg
- The femoral vein can be used for venipuncture with provider permission.
The Heart
The Heart Wall
- The heart wall is called the pericardium, a protective sac that encases the entire heart.
- The middle layer is made of cardiac muscle tissue called the myocardium.
- The innermost layer is the endocardium.
Blood Flow of the Heart
- Oxygen-poor blood from the vena cava flows into the right atrium.
- As the atria contract, the tricuspid valve opens, and the blood flows into the right ventricle.
- When the ventricles contract, the pulmonary valve opens, and blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
- Blood then travels through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and becomes oxygen-rich blood.
- The oxygen-rich blood is carried through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
- As the atria contract, the mitral valve opens, and the oxygen-rich blood flows into the left ventricle.
- When the ventricles contract, the aortic valve opens, and oxygen-rich blood travels through the aortic arch, into the arteries, and out to the body.
Basic Heart Anatomy
- The heart has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles on bottom.
- The heart has two sides: the right side receives oxygen-poor blood from veins and pumps it to the lungs, and the left side receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the arteries and back out to the body.
Key Takeaways
- Anatomy is the study of the structure and function of an organ.
- The human body is composed of systems that work together to maintain homeostasis.
- Physiology is the function of an organism's anatomy, including chemical and physical processes.
Hemostasis Disorders and Coagulation Tests
Common Disorders
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Hemophilia
- Thrombocytopenia
Lab Tests for Coagulation
- Prothrombin time (PT)
- Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- D-dimer
- Factor assays
- Platelet function assays
Basic Heart Physiology
- One cycle includes a complete contraction and relaxation of the heart.
- The heart is composed of specialized muscle cells that create an electrical conduction system pathway.
- The sinoatrial (SA) node is the electrical impulse that initiates the contraction of the heart.
- Vital signs can be taken to assess normal heart functions:
- Heart rate
- Pulse
- Blood pressure
Test your knowledge of the heart's chambers, sides, and blood flow. Learn about the structure and function of the heart in this anatomy quiz.
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