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______ engineering aims to maximize the efficient use of ecological resources and implement systems for pollution control and rehabilitation technologies for the polluted ecological components. This includes proposing an appropriate perspective for future industrialization processes and renewable energy technologies.
Environmental
Early efforts at ______ treatment involved carrying the ______ to the nearest river or stream. In England, the Royal Commission on Rivers Pollution was appointed in 1868, and over the course of their six reports provided official recognition for ______ filtration, irrigation, and chemical precipitation.
sewage
The discovery on the chemical mechanisms of ______ destruction by Molina & Rowland in 1974 led to the introduction of technologies for particulate matter control in the late 19th and early 20th century, contributing to the control of smog in London.
ozone
Environmental engineering plays a crucial role in addressing air pollution, water, and wastewater ______ by designing and implementing systems for pollution control and rehabilitation technologies for the polluted ecological components.
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Composition of dry air in the lower atmosphere of the earth 11/10/2023 Basic Environmental Engineering Bimrew B (MSc) By: 35 1.Introduction to Environmental Engineering 1.4 Concepts to Environmental chemistry and microbiology ❖ Units of ______
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Pollutant concentration is the most important determinant in almost all aspects of pollutant fate and transport in the environment and in engineered systems.▪ ______ is also the driving force which controls the rate of chemical reactions and pollutant effects, such as toxicity, are often determined by concentration.
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Concentrations of pollutants and other chemicals in the environment are routinely expressed in a variety of ______.The choice of units to use in a given situation depends on the pollutant, where it is located (e.g., air, water, or soil), and often on what the measurement will be used for.
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It is therefore necessary to become familiar with the ______ used and methods for converting between different sets of units. 11/10/2023 Basic Environmental Enginering Bimrew B (MSc) By: 37 1.
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Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved in a liter of the solution. Molarity (M) = (moles of solute) /L of solution). Example: 1.26 g AgNO3 is dissolved in a 250 ml volumetric flask. Calculate the ______ of AgNO3. How many milli moles (mmole) AgNO3 were dissolved?
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Parts-per-million by mass (ppm, or ppmm) is defined as the number of units of mass of pollutant per million units of total mass. That is, ppmm = g of pollutant in 10^6 g total. Example: A 1.0 kg sample of soil is analyzed for the pollutant trichloroethylene (TCE) (C2HCl3). The analysis indicates that the sample contains 5.0 mg of TCE. What is the TCE concentration in ______?
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Mass of pollutant =5mg= 0.005g Mass of total sample = 1Kg=1000g Ppm =( 0.005g/1000g)*1,000,000 = 5 ______
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Most commonly used concentration units in environmental measurements include Molarity and ______ Units.
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