Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Quiz

The primary purpose of a P-N junction diode is to allow current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction.

The depletion region is an area around the junction where there are no mobile charge carriers, formed due to the combination of electrons and holes.

In reverse bias, positive voltage is applied to the N-type material and negative to the P-type, widening the depletion region and preventing significant current flow.

<p>Half-wave rectifiers convert only one half of the AC waveform to DC, while full-wave rectifiers convert both halves, providing a smoother output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zener diodes are used for voltage regulation by allowing current to flow in reverse at a specified voltage, thereby maintaining a stable output voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The I-V characteristics of a diode show how the current through the device varies with applied voltage, indicating regions of conduction, cutoff, and reverse breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clamping circuits shift the entire waveform up or down without altering its shape, while clipping circuits truncate portions of the waveform to limit voltage levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impurities are introduced into different parts of a single crystal to create the P-type and N-type regions, essential for forming a P-N junction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>% regulation = (VNL/VFL) * 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ripple factor is defined as the ratio of the rms value of the AC component of load voltage to the DC component of load voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A high ripple factor results in significant fluctuations in output voltage, which can adversely affect the performance of electronic devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Form factor = rms value / average value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectifier efficiency (η) is the ratio of DC output power to AC input power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The form factor is calculated using the formula: form factor = rms value / average value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The peak factor is determined using the formula: peak factor = peak value / rms value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expected secondary voltage is 46 V (230 V / 5).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total resistance would be 1000 Ω (900 Ω + 100 Ω).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bridge rectifier eliminates the need for a center-tapped transformer while providing the same average output voltage and load current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PIV is calculated as the peak voltage of the transformer secondary minus the output voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ripple voltage is the variation in DC voltage and its frequency in a full-wave rectifier is double the input AC frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The load resistance affects the current flowing through the circuit and determines how much power is delivered to the load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To change an AC input voltage into a voltage that is only positive or only negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using the formulas $V_{rms} = \frac{V_m}{2}$ and $V_{dc} = \frac{V_m}{\pi}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$V_{dc} = 0.318V_m$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage regulation measures the variation of DC output voltage as a function of DC output current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DC output voltage, DC output current, voltage regulation, ripple factor, and power conversion efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is given by the formula $I_{dc} = \frac{I_m}{\pi}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ripple factor indicates the extent of the AC component present in the DC output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$\frac{V_{dc}}{V_m} = 0.318$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Zener breakdown voltage occurs when the reverse bias voltage exceeds a predetermined value, resulting in a nearly constant voltage across the Zener diode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zener diodes can be used as voltage regulators and in over-voltage protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The knee voltage refers to the point at which the Zener diode begins to conduct in reverse bias, resulting in a stable breakdown voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculating RL helps determine the conditions under which the Zener diode will operate in its desired state, such as maximizing power or ensuring it's in the on-state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A biased clipper is a circuit that modifies the output waveform by limiting the voltage levels, using biases to control the clipping action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a series clipper, the diode is connected in series with the load, while in a shunt clipper, it is connected in parallel to the load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zener diodes can be used in clipping circuits to prevent voltage levels from exceeding a set value, shaping the waveform by clipping off peaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum power drawn by a Zener diode is determined by optimizing the load resistance (RL) connected across it.</p> Signup and view all the answers